CARS CARS Ethical Reasoning and Decision Making

Question 1

A CARS passage presents an ethical dilemma where a doctor must choose between patient autonomy and preventing harm.
Which ethical principle directly supports respecting a patient's right to refuse treatment?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Justice

Question 2

In a CARS passage, an author argues that lying is always wrong regardless of consequences. This position most closely reflects which ethical framework?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Moral relativism

Question 3

A CARS passage describes a utilitarian argument for a public health policy. What is the core principle of utilitarian reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Actions should maximize overall well-being or happiness for the greatest number of people

Answer

Actions are right if they follow established moral duties and rules

Answer

Actions should reflect virtuous character traits in the decision-maker

Answer

Actions are justified if they preserve individual rights above all else

Question 4

A CARS passage describes a situation where a journalist withholds a source's identity to prevent harm. Which ethical value is the journalist prioritizing?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality and protection of vulnerable individuals

Answer

Freedom of the press above all other values

Answer

Maximizing the amount of information disclosed to the public

Answer

Compliance with government reporting requirements

Question 5

In a CARS passage, two characters disagree about whether whistleblowing on a corporation is ethical. Which consideration MOST strengthens the case for whistleblowing?

Accepted Answer

The corporation's actions cause significant harm to public health and safety

Answer

The whistleblower will receive financial compensation for coming forward

Answer

The whistleblower personally dislikes the corporation's leadership

Answer

The action will generate significant media attention for the whistleblower

Question 6

A CARS passage presents a moral dilemma in which saving five lives requires actively harming one person. This scenario is most commonly used to illustrate which type of ethical conflict?

Accepted Answer

The conflict between utilitarian and deontological moral reasoning

Answer

The distinction between medical and legal ethics

Answer

The difference between individual and collective rights in contract law

Answer

The tension between religious and secular approaches to morality