ABPS ABPS Pharmacology & Therapeutics

Question 1

Which class of medications is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to sulfonamides due to cross-reactivity concerns?

Accepted Answer

Thiazide diuretics

Answer

Thiazide diuretics contain a sulfonamide moiety and may cause cross-reactive hypersensitivity reactions in sulfonamide-allergic patients.

Question 2

A patient on warfarin begins taking rifampin for tuberculosis. What change in INR would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Decreased INR due to enzyme induction

Answer

Rifampin is a potent CYP450 enzyme inducer that accelerates warfarin metabolism, leading to a decreased INR and reduced anticoagulation effect.

Question 3

Which opioid analgesic is considered safest for use in patients with severe renal impairment?

Accepted Answer

Fentanyl

Answer

Fentanyl is preferred in renal impairment because it lacks active metabolites that accumulate with decreased renal clearance, unlike morphine or meperidine.

Question 4

A physician prescribes metformin for a newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic. Which condition is an absolute contraindication to metformin use?

Accepted Answer

eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73m²

Answer

Severely reduced renal function (eGFR < 30) is an absolute contraindication to metformin due to risk of fatal lactic acidosis from drug accumulation.

Question 5

Which beta-blocker is cardioselective and preferred in patients with mild asthma who require beta-blocker therapy?

Accepted Answer

Metoprolol

Answer

Metoprolol is a beta-1 selective (cardioselective) blocker that has less effect on bronchial beta-2 receptors, making it preferable in patients with mild reactive airway disease.

(ABPS) American Board of Physician Specialties Certification Practice Test

(ABPS) American Board of Physician Specialties Certification Practice Test

ABPS ABPS Pharmacology & Therapeutics