Social Studies Flashcards

Which document established the framework for the United States federal government, including the separation of powers among three branches?

Answer: The U.S. Constitution

The U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1788, established the framework of the federal government with its three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

The concept of 'checks and balances' in the U.S. government refers to which of the following?

Answer: A system where each branch of government can limit the powers of the other branches

Checks and balances is a system where each branch of government has powers to limit or check the other branches, preventing any single branch from becoming too powerful.

Which of the following best describes the economic concept of 'supply and demand'?

Answer: The relationship between the availability of a product and consumer desire for it, which affects price

Supply and demand describes how the availability of a product (supply) and consumer desire for it (demand) interact to determine the market price and quantity produced.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 primarily addressed which issue in American society?

Answer: Prohibition of racial discrimination in public places and employment

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, particularly in public accommodations and employment.

Which term describes a system of government in which citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf?

Answer: Representative democracy (republic)

A representative democracy, or republic, is a system where citizens elect officials who then make governmental decisions on behalf of the population.

The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late 18th century, was characterized by which major change?

Answer: A shift from agricultural to manufacturing-based economies using machinery

The Industrial Revolution marked a shift from agrarian economies to manufacturing economies, featuring the widespread use of machinery, factories, and new energy sources like steam power.

In geography, what does the term 'latitude' refer to?

Answer: The distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees

Latitude refers to the angular distance of a location north or south of the Earth's equator, measured in degrees from 0° at the equator to 90° at the poles.