OTR Occupational Therapy Foundations 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: In the Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO) Model, 'occupational performance' is defined as the result of:
- The person's cognitive and physical abilities alone
- The transactive relationship among person, environment, and occupation (Correct answer)
- The therapist's selection of appropriate therapeutic activities
- The client's motivation to engage in meaningful tasks
Correct answer: The transactive relationship among person, environment, and occupation
The PEO Model holds that occupational performance emerges from the dynamic, transactive relationship among the person, environment, and occupation across time.
Question 2: Under IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act), OT services in schools must be provided if they are:
- Requested by the parents regardless of educational need
- Necessary to help the student benefit from special education (Correct answer)
- Recommended by the child's physician
- Available within the district's budget constraints
Correct answer: Necessary to help the student benefit from special education
Under IDEA, OT is a related service that must be provided when it is necessary for a student to benefit from their special education program.
Question 3: Which of the following is the BEST description of 'occupational justice'?
- Ensuring clients can afford OT services through fair billing practices
- The right of all people to participate in meaningful occupations that support health (Correct answer)
- Providing equal numbers of sessions to all clients regardless of diagnosis
- Advocating for licensure laws that protect the OT scope of practice
Correct answer: The right of all people to participate in meaningful occupations that support health
Occupational justice refers to the right of every person to have access to and participate in meaningful, health-promoting occupations without discrimination or deprivation.
Question 4: Which sensory system does Ayres' Sensory Integration theory most emphasize as foundational to learning and behavior?
- Visual and auditory systems
- Tactile, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems (Correct answer)
- Gustatory and olfactory systems
- Interoceptive and nociceptive systems
Correct answer: Tactile, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems
Ayres emphasized the tactile, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems as foundational 'building block' senses that must be integrated for higher-level learning and adaptive behavior.
Question 5: An OT working from a biomechanical frame of reference would be MOST focused on:
- Improving sensory processing and modulation
- Analyzing joint mechanics, strength, endurance, and range of motion (Correct answer)
- Addressing cognitive distortions that limit participation
- Modifying the environment to support role performance
Correct answer: Analyzing joint mechanics, strength, endurance, and range of motion
The biomechanical frame of reference addresses musculoskeletal components of performance including ROM, strength, and endurance, particularly in physical rehabilitation.
Question 6: The Kawa (River) Model of OT is distinctive because it:
- Quantifies occupational performance using standardized scoring
- Uses a nature metaphor rooted in Eastern collectivist worldviews to understand occupation and life (Correct answer)
- Focuses exclusively on pediatric populations in school-based settings
- Provides a structured protocol for sensory processing assessment
Correct answer: Uses a nature metaphor rooted in Eastern collectivist worldviews to understand occupation and life
The Kawa Model uses the metaphor of a flowing river to represent life and occupation, and was developed to address the cultural limitations of Western OT models in collectivist contexts.
Question 7: An occupational therapist is conducting an 'occupational profile.' What is the PRIMARY purpose of this process?
- To determine the client's reimbursable diagnosis codes
- To understand the client's history, experiences, values, and goals related to occupation (Correct answer)
- To measure the client's functional deficits using standardized tools
- To establish the frequency and duration of the treatment plan
Correct answer: To understand the client's history, experiences, values, and goals related to occupation
The occupational profile gathers client-centered information about past and current occupational history, interests, values, and goals to guide the evaluation and intervention process.
OTR Occupational Therapy Foundations 4
In the Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO) Model, 'occupational performance' is defined as the result of: