OTEE International Relations 5

Question 1

Which international agreement, signed in 2015, aimed to limit Iran's nuclear program in exchange for sanctions relief?

Accepted Answer

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)

Answer

The JCPOA, agreed between Iran and the P5+1 (US, UK, France, Russia, China, and Germany), limited Iranian uranium enrichment and granted IAEA inspections in exchange for lifting international sanctions.

Question 2

What distinguishes a 'proxy war' from a conventional interstate conflict?

Accepted Answer

Third-party actors fight on behalf of sponsoring states that avoid direct combat

Answer

A proxy war occurs when competing powers support opposing sides in a conflict — using local groups or states as proxies — to advance their interests while avoiding direct military confrontation with each other.

Question 3

The Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) is an international effort designed to:

Accepted Answer

Interdict shipments of weapons of mass destruction and related materials

Answer

PSI, launched by the US in 2003, is a global coalition of over 100 countries that cooperate to interdict sea, air, and land shipments of WMD materials before they reach state or non-state actors of concern.

Question 4

Which geopolitical concept, developed by Halford Mackinder, identified the central Eurasian landmass as the strategic 'Heartland'?

Accepted Answer

The Heartland Theory

Answer

Mackinder's Heartland Theory (1904) argued that whoever controls the Eurasian heartland controls the 'World Island,' and thus the world — emphasizing continental land power over maritime power.

Question 5

Under the UN Charter, Article 51 permits states to use military force only when:

Accepted Answer

Acting in individual or collective self-defense against an armed attack

Answer

Article 51 of the UN Charter preserves the inherent right of self-defense if an armed attack occurs, until the Security Council takes measures necessary to maintain international peace and security.

(OTEE) Officer Trainee Entrance Exam Practice Test

(OTEE) Officer Trainee Entrance Exam Practice Test

OTEE International Relations 5