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OSCE Neurological Assessment Flashcards

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Read the first 7 OSCE Neurological Assessment flashcards as text

  1. During coordination testing, dysdiadochokinesia refers to:

    Answer: Impaired rapid alternating movements of the hands

    Dysdiadochokinesia is the inability to perform rapid alternating movements (e.g., pronation/supination), indicating ipsilateral cerebellar dysfunction.

  2. A patient has ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis on the right side of the face. Which condition does this suggest?

    Answer: Right Horner's syndrome

    Horner's syndrome (ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis) on the right results from disruption of the ipsilateral sympathetic pathway.

  3. When testing proprioception, you passively move a patient's great toe up or down and ask them to identify the direction. The patient is incorrect 7 out of 10 times. Which tract is most likely affected?

    Answer: Dorsal columns (posterior funiculus)

    Joint position sense (proprioception) is transmitted via the dorsal columns; impairment suggests posterior funiculus dysfunction.

  4. A patient recovering from Guillain-Barré syndrome is most likely to show which pattern of reflexes?

    Answer: Diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes

    Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute inflammatory polyneuropathy causing LMN signs including areflexia or hyporeflexia.

  5. During fundoscopy in the OSCE, you observe blurring of the optic disc margins with loss of the central cup. This finding is called:

    Answer: Papilloedema

    Papilloedema is swelling of the optic disc due to raised intracranial pressure, presenting with blurred margins and loss of the physiological cup.

  6. A patient presents with sudden onset of dysarthria, dysphagia, ipsilateral facial sensory loss, contralateral limb sensory loss, and ipsilateral Horner's syndrome. Which syndrome does this represent?

    Answer: Lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome

    Lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome results from PICA territory infarction and presents with crossed sensory deficits, dysarthria, dysphagia, and ipsilateral Horner's.

  7. In the OSCE, you assess the corneal reflex. The afferent limb is carried by which division of the trigeminal nerve?

    Answer: V1 (ophthalmic)

    The corneal reflex afferent limb is carried by V1 (ophthalmic division) of CN V; the efferent limb is CN VII causing eye closure.

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