ORELA ORELA Reading & Literacy Development 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which reading component involves the ability to hear and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words?
- Phonological awareness (Correct answer)
- Phonics
- Fluency
- Vocabulary
Correct answer: Phonological awareness
Phonological awareness is the ability to recognize and manipulate sounds in spoken language, including rhyming, syllables, and individual phonemes.
Question 2: What instructional approach teaches the systematic relationship between letters and the sounds they represent?
- Whole language
- Phonics instruction (Correct answer)
- Guided reading
- Reader's workshop
Correct answer: Phonics instruction
Phonics instruction explicitly teaches the correspondence between graphemes (letters) and phonemes (sounds) to help students decode written words.
Question 3: According to the 'Simple View of Reading,' reading comprehension is the product of which two factors?
- Vocabulary and fluency
- Decoding and language comprehension (Correct answer)
- Background knowledge and motivation
- Phonics and sight words
Correct answer: Decoding and language comprehension
The Simple View of Reading (Gough & Tunmer, 1986) defines reading comprehension as the product of decoding ability multiplied by language comprehension.
Question 4: Which Oregon-aligned framework guides K–3 literacy instruction with an emphasis on structured literacy practices?
- Reader's Workshop Model
- Oregon Literacy Framework (Correct answer)
- Balanced Literacy Approach
- Whole Language Curriculum
Correct answer: Oregon Literacy Framework
Oregon's Literacy Framework provides guidance for PreK–12 reading instruction and aligns with evidence-based structured literacy practices.
Question 5: What term describes a student's ability to read text accurately, at an appropriate rate, and with proper expression?
- Decoding
- Reading fluency (Correct answer)
- Comprehension monitoring
- Text analysis
Correct answer: Reading fluency
Reading fluency encompasses accuracy, rate, and prosody (expression), and it bridges decoding and comprehension by freeing cognitive resources.
Question 6: Which practice best supports vocabulary development for English Language Learners during content-area reading?
- Assigning independent silent reading only
- Pre-teaching key academic vocabulary with visual supports (Correct answer)
- Focusing solely on phonics drills
- Limiting vocabulary instruction to a dictionary
Correct answer: Pre-teaching key academic vocabulary with visual supports
Pre-teaching key vocabulary with visuals, gestures, and context activates prior knowledge and lowers the language barrier for ELL students during content reading.
ORELA ORELA Reading & Literacy Development 1
Which reading component involves the ability to hear and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words?