ORELA Reading & Literacy Development Flashcards

Which reading component involves the ability to hear and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words?

Answer: Phonological awareness

Phonological awareness is the ability to recognize and manipulate sounds in spoken language, including rhyming, syllables, and individual phonemes.

What instructional approach teaches the systematic relationship between letters and the sounds they represent?

Answer: Phonics instruction

Phonics instruction explicitly teaches the correspondence between graphemes (letters) and phonemes (sounds) to help students decode written words.

According to the 'Simple View of Reading,' reading comprehension is the product of which two factors?

Answer: Decoding and language comprehension

The Simple View of Reading (Gough & Tunmer, 1986) defines reading comprehension as the product of decoding ability multiplied by language comprehension.

Which Oregon-aligned framework guides K–3 literacy instruction with an emphasis on structured literacy practices?

Answer: Oregon Literacy Framework

Oregon's Literacy Framework provides guidance for PreK–12 reading instruction and aligns with evidence-based structured literacy practices.

What term describes a student's ability to read text accurately, at an appropriate rate, and with proper expression?

Answer: Reading fluency

Reading fluency encompasses accuracy, rate, and prosody (expression), and it bridges decoding and comprehension by freeing cognitive resources.

Which practice best supports vocabulary development for English Language Learners during content-area reading?

Answer: Pre-teaching key academic vocabulary with visual supports

Pre-teaching key vocabulary with visuals, gestures, and context activates prior knowledge and lowers the language barrier for ELL students during content reading.