Modal Verbs and Functions Flashcards

Which sentence expresses that an obligation no longer exists?

Answer: You didn't need to buy flowers, so you didn't.

'Didn't need to + verb' means the action was unnecessary and the person chose not to do it.

Choose the correct sentence to express that something was unnecessary but was done anyway:

Answer: You needn't have brought dessert.

'Needn't have + past participle' means the action happened but was not necessary.

The concert _____ start at 8, but it started late.

Answer: was to

'Was to' expresses a scheduled or planned event that may or may not have happened as expected.

Which modal expresses willingness in the present?

Answer: will

'Will' is used to express willingness or a spontaneous decision in the present.

'You _____ be joking!' — what function does the modal serve here?

Answer: Disbelief or strong assumption

'Must be joking' is an idiomatic expression of strong disbelief or surprise.

Which option correctly completes this conditional: 'If I _____ speak French, I would apply for the job in Paris.'

Answer: could

'Could' is used in second conditional structures to express ability in a hypothetical situation.

Doctors say patients _____ avoid processed foods to stay healthy.

Answer: ought to

'Ought to' is used to express advice or recommendation, similar to 'should'.