Use of Force Framework Flashcards
6 cards from real Ontario Security Guard Test practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Use of Force Framework flashcards as text
What is 'soft physical control' in the Use of Force Continuum?
Answer: Low-level physical techniques such as guiding, escorting, or applying joint locks without striking
Soft physical control includes techniques like guiding by the arm, escort holds, and joint locks that control a person without striking or causing significant pain. They are used when verbal commands have failed.
What is the difference between 'subjective' and 'objective' fear in use of force situations?
Answer: Subjective fear is what the guard personally felt; objective fear is what a reasonable person would feel in the same situation
Courts consider both: what the guard actually felt (subjective) and what a reasonable person would have felt (objective). Both must align — the fear must be genuine AND objectively reasonable.
Under section 34 of the Criminal Code, what are the three elements required for a valid self-defence claim?
Answer: Reasonable belief of a threat, defensive purpose, and proportional response
Self-defence under section 34 requires: (1) reasonable belief that force or a threat of force is being used, (2) the act was for the purpose of defence, and (3) the response was reasonable in the circumstances.
What factors do courts consider when evaluating whether a security guard's use of force was reasonable?
Answer: The nature of the threat, the guard's response options, the level of force used, and the outcome
Courts consider multiple factors: the nature and severity of the threat, available alternatives, the proportionality of force used, the physical capabilities of both parties, and the overall circumstances.
What is 'positional asphyxia' and why should security guards be aware of it?
Answer: A potentially fatal condition where a person's body position prevents adequate breathing, particularly during restraint
Positional asphyxia occurs when a person's body position restricts their ability to breathe. It can occur during prone (face-down) restraint and can be fatal, especially when combined with exertion or substance use.
What does 'proportionality' mean in the context of use of force?
Answer: The force used must be proportional to the threat — a minor threat does not justify a major use of force
Proportionality means the level of force used must correspond to the level of threat. Using a high level of force in response to a low-level threat would be considered excessive and potentially criminal.