Research Methods & Evidence-Based Practice Flashcards

A ski patrol team wants to evaluate whether a new traction splint reduces patient pain scores compared to a standard splint. Which study design is most appropriate?

Answer: Prospective randomized controlled trial comparing the two splints

A prospective RCT with random assignment to each splint type is the most rigorous design to compare the two interventions.

What is 'publication bias' and why does it matter in evidence-based practice?

Answer: The tendency for journals to publish only studies with positive or significant results, skewing the evidence base

Publication bias occurs when studies with positive results are more likely to be published, making an intervention appear more effective than it truly is.

In an OEC research context, what does 'blinding' a participant mean?

Answer: Keeping the participant unaware of which treatment group they have been assigned to

Blinding keeps participants unaware of their group assignment to reduce placebo effects and response bias.

Which of the following best describes a cohort study?

Answer: A group of individuals sharing a common characteristic is followed over time to observe outcomes

A cohort study follows a defined group (cohort) over time, observing who develops the outcome of interest.

An OEC protocol update states it is based on a 'Grade A recommendation.' What does this grade typically indicate?

Answer: There is good evidence from well-designed studies to support the recommendation

Grade A recommendations are typically supported by consistent, high-quality evidence such as multiple well-designed RCTs.

What is the difference between sensitivity and specificity in a diagnostic test?

Answer: Sensitivity is the ability to correctly identify those WITH the condition; specificity is the ability to correctly identify those WITHOUT it

Sensitivity (true positive rate) identifies those who have the condition; specificity (true negative rate) correctly rules it out in those who do not.

Which of the following represents an example of applying evidence-based practice in an outdoor emergency setting?

Answer: Choosing a wound irrigation method based on the most recent clinical practice guidelines

Evidence-based practice involves integrating the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values when making care decisions.