NTS - National Testing Service Critical Thinking and Logical Reasoning Flashcards

If A > B and B > C, which statement must be true?

Answer: A > C

By the transitive property of inequality, if A > B and B > C, then A > C.

If "FAST" is coded as "GBTU," how is "SLOW" coded?

Answer: TMPX

Each letter is shifted one position forward in the alphabet: S→T, L→M, O→P, W→X = TMPX.

A man points to a photo and says, "Her mother is my mother's only daughter." Who is in the photo?

Answer: His niece

"My mother's only daughter" is the man's sister, so the person in the photo is the man's sister's daughter — his niece.

If some A are B, which statement must also be true?

Answer: Some B are A.

"Some A are B" is logically equivalent to "Some B are A" — the partial overlap is reciprocal.

Which argument form is logically valid?

Answer: If P then Q; P is true; therefore Q is true.

"If P then Q; P is true; therefore Q is true" is modus ponens, the fundamental valid deductive form.

The statement "If it rains, the ground gets wet" is logically equivalent to:

Answer: If the ground is not wet, it did not rain.

The contrapositive "If not Q, then not P" is logically equivalent to the original conditional "If P then Q."