Quantitative Reasoning: Arithmetic Flashcards

A shopkeeper sells a product for Rs. 3,000. If the cost price of the product is Rs. 2,500, what is the percentage of profit earned?

Answer: 20%

To find the profit percentage, first calculate the profit amount: Profit = Selling Price - Cost Price = 3000 - 2500 = Rs. 500. Then, use the formula: Profit Percentage = (Profit / Cost Price) * 100. So, (500 / 2500) * 100 = 0.2 * 100 = 20%.

If 8 workers can complete a task in 15 days, how many days will it take for 12 workers to complete the same task, assuming they work at the same rate?

Answer: 10 days

This is an inverse proportion problem. The total work can be measured in 'worker-days'. Total work = 8 workers * 15 days = 120 worker-days. To find the number of days for 12 workers, divide the total work by the number of workers: Days = 120 worker-days / 12 workers = 10 days.

The average of five consecutive odd numbers is 27. Which of the following is the largest of these numbers?

Answer: 31

For a set of consecutive odd numbers, the average is equal to the middle number. Therefore, the middle (third) number is 27. The five consecutive odd numbers are 23, 25, 27, 29, and 31. The largest number in this sequence is 31.

A student scored 64, 78, 85, and 92 in four tests. What score must the student get in the fifth test to have an average of 80 for all five tests?

Answer: 81

To have an average of 80 over five tests, the total score must be 80 * 5 = 400. The sum of the first four scores is 64 + 78 + 85 + 92 = 319. To find the required score for the fifth test, subtract the sum of the first four scores from the required total score: 400 - 319 = 81.

In a town, the ratio of men to women is 5:4. If the total population of the town is 45,000, what is the number of women?

Answer: 20,000

The ratio 5:4 means there are 5+4 = 9 parts in total. To find the value of one part, divide the total population by the total number of parts: 45,000 / 9 = 5,000. The number of women corresponds to 4 parts, so multiply the value of one part by 4: 5,000 * 4 = 20,000.

If a number is increased by 25%, the result is 150. What is the original number?

Answer: 120

Let the original number be 'x'. Increasing it by 25% means we have x + 0.25x = 1.25x. We are given that 1.25x = 150. To find x, divide 150 by 1.25: x = 150 / 1.25 = 120. So, the original number is 120.