NTP Chronic Disease & Nutrition 2

Question 1

Which dietary pattern is most strongly associated with reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Mediterranean diet rich in whole grains, legumes, and healthy fats

Answer

The Mediterranean diet is consistently linked to reduced type 2 diabetes risk due to its anti-inflammatory fats, fiber, and phytonutrient content.

Question 2

Elevated homocysteine levels are most directly associated with deficiency of which nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins B6, B12, and folate

Answer

B6, B12, and folate are essential cofactors for homocysteine remethylation and transsulfuration pathways.

Question 3

In the context of chronic disease, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are best described as:

Accepted Answer

Harmful compounds formed when sugars bond to proteins or fats under heat

Answer

AGEs form through non-enzymatic glycation reactions and promote oxidative stress and inflammation, accelerating chronic disease progression.

Question 4

Which type of fat is most strongly linked to increased LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular disease risk?

Accepted Answer

Trans fatty acids

Answer

Trans fatty acids raise LDL and lower HDL cholesterol, making them the most atherogenic dietary fat.

Question 5

A client with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) would most benefit from reducing intake of which specific sugar?

Accepted Answer

Fructose

Answer

Fructose is predominantly metabolized by the liver and directly promotes de novo lipogenesis, driving NAFLD progression.

(NTP) Nutritional Therapy Practitioner Practice Test