Endocrine System & Hormone Balance Flashcards

Which compounds from cruciferous vegetables support healthy estrogen metabolism in the liver?

Answer: Indole-3-carbinol and DIM

I3C/DIM promote favorable 2-hydroxylation estrogen pathways.

Which mineral is most closely linked to testosterone production and is rich in oysters?

Answer: Zinc

Zinc is a cofactor in testosterone synthesis and sperm health.

Which foods are notable sources of phytoestrogens?

Answer: Flaxseeds and soy

Lignans in flax and isoflavones in soy weakly bind estrogen receptors.

After ovulation, which structure produces most of the progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

Answer: Corpus luteum

The corpus luteum forms from the ruptured follicle and secretes progesterone.

Melatonin is synthesized by the pineal gland from which neurotransmitter?

Answer: Serotonin

Serotonin is converted to melatonin in darkness, regulating sleep.

Vitamin D functions in the body most like which of the following?

Answer: A steroid-like hormone

Vitamin D is a secosteroid that binds nuclear receptors to regulate genes.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is most commonly associated with which metabolic issue?

Answer: Insulin resistance with elevated androgens

Hyperinsulinemia stimulates ovarian androgen production in many with PCOS.