Cardiovascular & Immune System Support Flashcards

Which nutrient combination is most directly involved in lowering elevated homocysteine?

Answer: Folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12

Folate, B6, and B12 act as cofactors in the methylation and transsulfuration pathways that clear homocysteine.

Which type of dietary fat is most strongly linked to increased cardiovascular risk and is found in partially hydrogenated oils?

Answer: Industrial trans fat

Industrial trans fats raise LDL, lower HDL, and promote inflammation.

What is the primary role of coenzyme Q10 in cardiac muscle?

Answer: Supporting mitochondrial ATP production

CoQ10 shuttles electrons in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and the heart has very high energy demands.

How does magnesium support cardiovascular health?

Answer: It helps relax vascular smooth muscle and supports normal heart rhythm

Magnesium acts as a natural calcium antagonist, relaxing vessels and stabilizing cardiac electrical activity.

Which dietary pattern change best supports blood pressure regulation through electrolyte balance?

Answer: Increasing potassium-rich vegetables and fruits while limiting processed foods high in sodium

Higher potassium intake promotes sodium excretion and vasodilation, lowering blood pressure.

Which blood lipid is most reliably lowered by supplemental EPA and DHA?

Answer: Triglycerides

EPA and DHA reduce hepatic VLDL and triglyceride production.

How does soluble fiber help lower LDL cholesterol?

Answer: By binding bile acids in the gut so the liver uses cholesterol to make more

Soluble fiber binds bile acids, increasing their excretion and pulling cholesterol from circulation to replace them.