Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

Which blood type is considered the universal donor for packed red blood cells?

Answer: Type O negative

Type O negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, making it compatible with all blood types and the universal donor for packed RBCs in emergencies.

The knee joint is classified as which type of synovial joint?

Answer: Hinge joint

The knee (tibiofemoral joint) is a hinge joint that primarily allows flexion and extension in one plane, like a door hinge.

During a 12-lead EKG, the QRS complex represents:

Answer: Ventricular depolarization (contraction)

The QRS complex represents rapid depolarization of the ventricles, which triggers ventricular contraction (systole).

The immune system cells responsible for producing antibodies are:

Answer: B lymphocytes (B cells/plasma cells)

B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells that produce specific antibodies (immunoglobulins) in response to antigens, forming the humoral immune response.

The hormone responsible for triggering the 'fight-or-flight' response is:

Answer: Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Epinephrine (adrenaline), released by the adrenal medulla, rapidly triggers the sympathetic fight-or-flight response: increased heart rate, bronchodilation, and glucose mobilization.

Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption?

Answer: Small intestine

The small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) is the primary site of nutrient absorption due to its large surface area created by villi and microvilli.