NPTE-PT Cardiopulmonary Assessment and Management 5

Question 1

A patient reports dyspnea at rest, orthopnea requiring 3 pillows to sleep, and has a chest X-ray showing an enlarged cardiac silhouette. These findings are MOST consistent with:

Accepted Answer

Congestive heart failure

Answer

Dyspnea at rest, orthopnea, and an enlarged cardiac silhouette on chest X-ray are classic hallmarks of congestive heart failure.

Question 2

Which metric is used to calculate a patient's target heart rate using the Karvonen (heart rate reserve) method?

Accepted Answer

(Max HR − Resting HR) × intensity% + Resting HR

Answer

The Karvonen formula uses heart rate reserve (max HR − resting HR) multiplied by the desired intensity percentage, then adds resting HR to give target HR.

Question 3

A patient has a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 60% predicted and an FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.65. These findings indicate:

Accepted Answer

Obstructive lung disease

Answer

A reduced FEV1/FVC ratio below 0.70 with a reduced FEV1% predicted is diagnostic of obstructive lung disease such as asthma or COPD.

Question 4

When using the Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT) for airway clearance, the CORRECT sequence of components is:

Accepted Answer

Breathing control → thoracic expansion exercises → forced expiratory technique

Answer

ACBT follows the sequence: breathing control (diaphragmatic relaxation) → thoracic expansion exercises (deep breathing) → forced expiratory technique (huffing), repeated cyclically.

Question 5

A patient with a spinal cord injury at C5 undergoes pulmonary function testing. The MOST expected finding is:

Accepted Answer

Reduced FVC with preserved FEV1/FVC ratio (restrictive pattern)

Answer

C5 SCI impairs intercostal and abdominal muscle function while partially preserving diaphragm function, resulting in reduced lung volumes and a restrictive pulmonary pattern.

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NPTE-PT Cardiopulmonary Assessment and Management 5