NPS Infection Prevention and Control 3

Question 1

A 28-week gestational age neonate develops candidemia. Which antifungal agent is the drug of choice, particularly given the risk of concurrent CNS involvement?

Accepted Answer

Amphotericin B (deoxycholate or liposomal formulation)

Answer

Amphotericin B is the preferred first-line treatment for invasive candidiasis in neonates because of its superior CNS penetration, which is critical since neonatal candidemia frequently involves meningitis.

Question 2

Which intervention is most effective in preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) in neonates?

Accepted Answer

Removing urinary catheters as soon as they are no longer clinically necessary

Answer

Duration of catheterization is the strongest independent risk factor for CAUTI; timely removal when the catheter is no longer clinically indicated is the most effective prevention strategy.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a component of the standard CLABSI prevention bundle?

Accepted Answer

Routine scheduled catheter replacement every 7 days

Answer

Routine scheduled catheter replacement is not recommended and may increase infection risk by creating additional opportunities for contamination; removal should be based on clinical indication only.

Question 4

A mother with active, untreated pulmonary tuberculosis delivers a term neonate. What is the recommended approach regarding breastfeeding?

Accepted Answer

Breastfeeding should be deferred until the mother has received at least 2 weeks of effective anti-TB therapy and is non-infectious

Answer

Breastfeeding should be temporarily postponed until the mother has completed at least 2 weeks of effective anti-TB therapy and is considered non-infectious to prevent respiratory transmission to the neonate.

Question 5

Which bundle component is most evidence-based for preventing ventilator-associated events (VAE) in mechanically ventilated neonates?

Accepted Answer

Closed suctioning systems combined with appropriate head-of-bed elevation when feasible

Answer

Closed suctioning systems reduce contamination risk during suctioning, and head-of-bed elevation reduces aspiration risk; both are evidence-based VAP prevention bundle components.

NPS - Neonatal Pediatric Specialist Practice Test

NPS - Neonatal Pediatric Specialist Practice Test

NPS Infection Prevention and Control 3