NPS Respiratory Management Flashcards

What is the target oxygen saturation range recommended for preterm neonates less than 32 weeks gestation?

Answer: 91–95%

Current evidence supports targeting SpO2 of 91–95% in preterm neonates <32 weeks to balance risks of retinopathy of prematurity and mortality.

Which ventilation mode delivers a set tidal volume regardless of changes in lung compliance in mechanically ventilated neonates?

Answer: Volume-guaranteed ventilation (VG)

Volume-guaranteed ventilation delivers a clinician-set tidal volume by adjusting inspiratory pressure breath-by-breath, protecting against volutrauma as compliance changes.

A neonate on HFOV has a rising PaCO2. Which ventilator parameter should be increased?

Answer: Amplitude (ΔP)

Amplitude (ΔP) determines tidal volume delivery in HFOV; increasing amplitude improves CO2 elimination and lowers PaCO2.

What tidal volume range is recommended for lung-protective ventilation in ventilated neonates?

Answer: 4–6 mL/kg

A tidal volume of 4–6 mL/kg is recommended for neonatal lung-protective ventilation to minimize volutrauma while maintaining adequate CO2 clearance.

Which finding on chest X-ray is classic for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?

Answer: Diffuse ground-glass opacity with air bronchograms

Neonatal RDS classically shows diffuse ground-glass opacification with air bronchograms due to surfactant deficiency causing widespread alveolar atelectasis.

A term neonate presents with tachypnea, mild hypoxia, and a chest X-ray showing fluid in the horizontal fissure and perihilar streaking. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)

TTN results from delayed resorption of fetal lung fluid and presents with tachypnea and perihilar streaking/fissure fluid on CXR, typically resolving within 24–72 hours.