NPS Respiratory Management Flashcards

What is the primary advantage of nasal CPAP (nCPAP) over mechanical ventilation for preterm neonates with mild-moderate RDS?

Answer: Avoidance of intubation and reduced BPD risk

nCPAP avoids the trauma of intubation and reduces the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia by recruiting alveoli non-invasively.

During neonatal resuscitation, the initial FiO2 for a term newborn should be:

Answer: 21% (room air)

Current NRP guidelines recommend starting resuscitation of term newborns with room air (21% O2), titrating upward based on pulse oximetry.

A neonate develops a sudden deterioration on mechanical ventilation. The NPS performs a DOPE assessment. What does 'D' stand for?

Answer: Displacement of the ETT

The DOPE mnemonic for sudden deterioration on a ventilator stands for Displacement, Obstruction, Pneumothorax, and Equipment failure.

What is the minimum recommended positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) for mechanically ventilated neonates with RDS?

Answer: 4–6 cmH2O

A PEEP of 4–6 cmH2O is recommended for neonates with RDS to maintain functional residual capacity and prevent alveolar collapse between breaths.

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is characterized by which pathophysiological mechanism?

Answer: Airway obstruction, surfactant inactivation, and chemical pneumonitis

MAS causes a ball-valve airway obstruction, inactivates surfactant, triggers chemical pneumonitis, and often leads to pulmonary hypertension.

A 32-week neonate is being weaned from mechanical ventilation. Which post-extubation support is most likely to prevent re-intubation?

Answer: Nasal CPAP at 5–7 cmH2O

Post-extubation nasal CPAP at 5–7 cmH2O is the most effective respiratory support for preterm neonates to maintain lung recruitment and prevent apnea.