NPS Pharmacology and Medications Flashcards

What is the correct IV dose of adenosine for a pediatric patient with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)?

Answer: 0.1 mg/kg rapid IV push

Adenosine 0.1 mg/kg (max 6 mg first dose) is given as a rapid IV push for pediatric SVT, followed by a saline flush to ensure rapid delivery to the heart.

Which glucose infusion rate (GIR) is typically required to maintain euglycemia in a term neonate?

Answer: 6–8 mg/kg/min

Term neonates typically require a glucose infusion rate of 6–8 mg/kg/min to maintain blood glucose between 50–100 mg/dL.

A neonate with suspected congenital adrenal hyperplasia presents in a salt-wasting crisis. Which medication is immediately administered?

Answer: Hydrocortisone IV

Hydrocortisone IV is the treatment of choice for acute adrenal crisis in neonates because it provides both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activity.

Which opiate analgesic is MOST commonly used for procedural pain management in neonates due to its predictable pharmacokinetics?

Answer: Fentanyl

Fentanyl is preferred for neonatal procedural pain due to its rapid onset, short duration, minimal histamine release, and predictable pharmacokinetics.

A preterm neonate on total parenteral nutrition develops cholestatic jaundice. Which TPN component is most likely responsible?

Answer: Lipid emulsion (IVFE)

Intravenous fat emulsions (IVFE), particularly phytosterol-containing soybean-based lipids, are strongly associated with parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in neonates.

What is the mechanism of action of milrinone when used in neonates with low cardiac output?

Answer: Phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor

Milrinone inhibits phosphodiesterase-3, increasing intracellular cAMP, resulting in positive inotropy, lusitropy, and pulmonary/systemic vasodilation.