NJSLA – New Jersey Student Learning Assessment — Questions and Answers

Question 1: What is the degree of the polynomial 5x³ - 2x⁴ + x - 7?

3
4 (Correct answer)
1
7

Correct answer: 4

The degree is the highest exponent, which is 4 (from the -2x⁴ term).

Question 2: A taxi service charges a flat fee of $3.00 plus an additional $2.50 per mile. Which expression represents the total cost, in dollars, for a ride of m miles?

(3 + 2.50)m
5.50m
3 + 2.50m (Correct answer)
3m + 2.50

Correct answer: 3 + 2.50m

The total cost is the sum of the one-time flat fee and the variable cost that depends on the miles traveled. The flat fee is a constant $3.00. The per-mile cost is $2.50 multiplied by the number of miles, *m*, which is written as 2.50m. Therefore, the correct expression is 3 + 2.50m.

Question 3: Read the following excerpt from a short story. 'The old lighthouse keeper, Silas, polished the great lens until it shone like a captured star. For fifty years, he had been a fixture on this rocky outcrop, a solitary guardian against the sea's fury. He’d seen ships pass, seasons turn, and the mainland town sprout new buildings like mushrooms after a rain. Yet, his world remained the circumference of the light's beam. One evening, a young man from the town arrived, carrying a box of wires and circuits. 'It's all automated now, Silas,' he said, not unkindly. 'You can finally rest.' Silas looked from the intricate new device to the vast, darkening ocean. He had yearned for the town, for company, for a life beyond the waves, but as he handed over the keys, a profound emptiness echoed where the sea's roar used to be.' Which of the following statements best expresses a central theme of the text?

Technological advancement inevitably leads to progress and ease.
The sea is a powerful and unforgiving force of nature.
A person's identity and purpose can become intertwined with their responsibilities. (Correct answer)
True rest can only be found after a lifetime of hard work.

Correct answer: A person's identity and purpose can become intertwined with their responsibilities.

The correct answer is that a person's identity and purpose can become intertwined with their responsibilities. Silas, the lighthouse keeper, has spent his life defined by his job. While he dreamed of a different life, the reality of losing his role brings a 'profound emptiness,' suggesting his purpose was tied to his duty as the 'solitary guardian.' The other options are not as well-supported: technology's arrival brings Silas emptiness, not ease; the sea is a backdrop but its power isn't the central theme; and Silas does not find rest, but a void.

Question 4: Which text structure is being used when an author explains why deforestation occurs and then describes its effects on wildlife?

Problem and solution
Compare and contrast
Chronological order
Cause and effect (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Cause and effect

Cause-and-effect structure connects reasons (causes) to outcomes (effects), as in linking deforestation to wildlife consequences.

Question 5: Which NJSLA subject assesses three-dimensional learning — disciplinary core ideas, science and engineering practices, and crosscutting concepts?

Social Studies
Science (Correct answer)
Mathematics
ELA

Correct answer: Science

NJSLA Science is built on NGSS's three-dimensional learning framework: disciplinary core ideas, science and engineering practices, and crosscutting concepts.

Question 6: Which element of plot introduces the main characters and setting before the central conflict is established?

Exposition (Correct answer)
Falling action
Climax
Resolution

Correct answer: Exposition

The exposition is the opening section that provides background information about characters, setting, and situation.

Question 7: A pizza is cut into 12 equal slices. The Chen family eats ⅓ of the pizza at lunch and ¼ of the pizza at dinner. How many slices are left?

5 slices (Correct answer)
4 slices
3 slices
6 slices

Correct answer: 5 slices

Eaten at lunch = ⅓ × 12 = 4 slices; eaten at dinner = ¼ × 12 = 3 slices; remaining = 12 − 4 − 3 = 5 slices.

Question 8: A student is asked to determine the meaning of the word 'arid' in the sentence: 'The arid desert receives fewer than 10 inches of rain per year.' Which context clue strategy is MOST helpful here?

Definition clue embedded in the sentence (Correct answer)
Synonym clue
Antonym clue
Appositive clue

Correct answer: Definition clue embedded in the sentence

The phrase 'fewer than 10 inches of rain per year' acts as an embedded definition clue, directly explaining what 'arid' means.

Question 9: A story begins in the middle of a battle scene, then uses flashbacks to explain how the characters arrived at this point. This narrative technique is called:

In medias res (Correct answer)
Anachronism
Frame narrative
Foreshadowing

Correct answer: In medias res

In medias res is a Latin term for 'in the middle of things' — starting a narrative at a dramatic point before providing context.

Question 10: A student writes: 'She cried a lot and was sad.' What revision technique would most improve this line?

Remove the sentence entirely since emotions should not be described in narratives.
Move the sentence to the beginning of the narrative for more impact.
Replace the telling statement with specific physical and behavioral details that show the emotion. (Correct answer)
Add an adverb to intensify the verbs, such as 'cried profusely and was deeply sad.'

Correct answer: Replace the telling statement with specific physical and behavioral details that show the emotion.

Replacing vague telling with specific showing details (physical reactions, behaviors) creates stronger emotional impact in narrative writing.

Question 11: Which of the following best describes the New Jersey Student Learning Standards (NJSLS) that the NJSLA measures?

Federal standards mandated by the U.S. Department of Education
Entirely unique standards with no relation to national frameworks
State-customized standards that incorporate Common Core foundations with NJ-specific additions (Correct answer)
Standards adopted directly from the Common Core without modification

Correct answer: State-customized standards that incorporate Common Core foundations with NJ-specific additions

New Jersey adopted and customized the Common Core State Standards, adding state-specific content to create the NJSLS.

Question 12: A farmer plants corn in ⅔ of his 180-acre field and soybeans in ¼ of the remaining land. How many acres are planted with soybeans?

20 acres
15 acres (Correct answer)
18 acres
12 acres

Correct answer: 15 acres

Corn uses ⅔ × 180 = 120 acres; remaining = 60 acres; soybeans = ¼ × 60 = 15 acres.

Question 13: A narrative has an exciting climax but ends abruptly with 'And then everything was fine.' What is the main problem with this conclusion?

It does not include a moral lesson for the reader.
It is too short to count as a full conclusion.
It uses the word 'and' to start a sentence.
It fails to show how the character changed or resolve the conflict satisfactorily. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: It fails to show how the character changed or resolve the conflict satisfactorily.

An abrupt, vague ending does not demonstrate the character's growth or tie up the story's conflict in a meaningful way.

Question 14: Which of the following is an example of dialogue that reveals character most effectively?

'Maya was upset,' her friend noticed, 'and did not want help.'
'Maya said that she was angry and did not want any help from anyone.'
'I don't need your help,' Maya snapped, slamming her locker shut. (Correct answer)
Maya told her friend she was upset about the situation.

Correct answer: 'I don't need your help,' Maya snapped, slamming her locker shut.

Direct dialogue paired with an action tag (snapping and slamming) reveals Maya's anger through both her words and behavior.

Question 15: Which statement BEST describes how an author develops a central theme across a narrative?

Through the setting description in the opening scene
Through the accumulation of character choices, conflicts, symbols, and resolutions that all point toward the same idea (Correct answer)
By choosing a title that directly names the theme
By stating the theme explicitly in the first paragraph

Correct answer: Through the accumulation of character choices, conflicts, symbols, and resolutions that all point toward the same idea

Theme emerges gradually through the interplay of multiple literary elements — characters, plot, symbols, and conflict — rather than being stated outright.

Question 16: Why should everyone have equal access to high-quality arts education?

Achieve social status
Prepare for science and technology
Lead to artistic literacy and fluency (Correct answer)
Develop athletic skills

Correct answer: Lead to artistic literacy and fluency

Equal access to high-quality arts education is essential because it enables all individuals to develop artistic literacy and fluency. This means understanding and being able to create, interpret, and appreciate art across various disciplines. Artistic literacy empowers individuals to express themselves, engage with culture, and critically analyze the world around them.

Question 17: On the NJSLA, an informational/explanatory task asks students to 'explain' a concept using sources. This is DIFFERENT from an argumentative task because:

Argumentative writing is always shorter than explanatory writing
Explanatory writing requires no evidence from sources
Explanatory writing uses first-person pronouns throughout
Explanatory writing presents information objectively rather than arguing for one position (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Explanatory writing presents information objectively rather than arguing for one position

Explanatory/informational writing presents facts and explains concepts objectively, while argumentative writing takes a stance and defends it with evidence.

Question 18: A two-way frequency table shows data for 100 students categorized by grade level and sport preference. How is a joint frequency different from a marginal frequency?

A joint frequency is the grand total, while a marginal frequency is a cell value.
A marginal frequency appears in the interior cells of the table.
A joint frequency counts a specific combination of two categories, while a marginal frequency totals one entire row or column. (Correct answer)
A joint frequency is always larger than a marginal frequency.

Correct answer: A joint frequency counts a specific combination of two categories, while a marginal frequency totals one entire row or column.

Joint frequencies appear in the interior cells and represent two-category intersections, while marginal frequencies are the row or column totals.

Question 19: Two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal line. If the measure of one of the alternate interior angles is 55°, what is the measure of its consecutive interior angle?

125° (Correct answer)
90°
55°
35°

Correct answer: 125°

When two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, consecutive interior angles are supplementary, meaning their sum is 180°. If one angle is 55°, its consecutive interior angle is 180° - 55° = 125°. Alternate interior angles are congruent, but the question asks for the consecutive interior angle.

Question 20: A dilation centered at the origin with scale factor 3 maps point A(2, −4) to which image?

(6, −12) (Correct answer)
(5, −7)
(2/3, −4/3)
(−6, 12)

Correct answer: (6, −12)

Multiply each coordinate by the scale factor: (2 × 3, −4 × 3) = (6, −12).

Question 21: A formula for simple interest is I = prt. Which expression gives p in terms of I, r, and t?

rt/I
Irt
I/(rt) (Correct answer)
I - rt

Correct answer: I/(rt)

To isolate p, divide both sides of I = prt by rt, giving p = I/(rt).

Question 22: Read this excerpt: 'The novel's protagonist is an enigmatic figure whose true motives are never fully revealed.' What does enigmatic mean?

simple and obvious
mysterious and puzzling (Correct answer)
violent and aggressive
generous and kind

Correct answer: mysterious and puzzling

Enigmatic describes something or someone that is difficult to understand or interpret.

Question 23: Which organizational structure works best for an informational essay comparing two different energy sources?

Chronological order
Problem and solution
Compare and contrast (Correct answer)
Cause and effect

Correct answer: Compare and contrast

A compare-and-contrast structure is designed specifically to examine the similarities and differences between two subjects.

Question 24: In NJSLA writing tasks, what does 'text-based evidence' specifically require?

Personal opinions about the topic
Evidence invented by the student to support the thesis
Statistics from outside sources not included in the task
Details, quotes, or paraphrases drawn directly from the provided passage(s) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Details, quotes, or paraphrases drawn directly from the provided passage(s)

Text-based evidence must come directly from the passage(s) provided in the task, not from outside knowledge or personal opinion.

Question 25: Which reading strategy BEST helps a student integrate information from multiple informational texts on the same topic?

Identifying where the texts agree, where they differ, and what unique information each adds (Correct answer)
Reading only the longest article and ignoring the others
Choosing the text with the most colorful photographs
Summarizing only the first text and skipping the rest

Correct answer: Identifying where the texts agree, where they differ, and what unique information each adds

Synthesizing multiple texts requires comparing agreements, contradictions, and unique contributions from each source to build a complete understanding of the topic.

Question 26: What is the highest performance level a student can earn on the NJSLA?

Level 3 — Met Expectations
Level 5 — Exceeded Expectations (Correct answer)
Level 5 — Distinguished
Level 4 — Exceeded Expectations

Correct answer: Level 5 — Exceeded Expectations

Level 5 is labeled 'Exceeded Expectations' and represents the highest performance level on the NJSLA.

Question 27: A student writes a body paragraph with five direct quotes in a row and no analysis. What is the PRIMARY problem?

The student failed to analyze or connect the evidence to the thesis (Correct answer)
The paragraph is likely too short
The student used too few sources
Direct quotes are not allowed on the NJSLA

Correct answer: The student failed to analyze or connect the evidence to the thesis

Evidence alone does not make an argument; students must analyze quotes and explain how each piece of evidence supports the central claim.

Question 28: What does 'mixed media' mean in the context of visual arts?

Artwork that combines two or more different materials or techniques (Correct answer)
A style of painting using only primary colors
Artwork displayed across multiple gallery spaces simultaneously
Artwork created using only digital tools and software

Correct answer: Artwork that combines two or more different materials or techniques

Mixed media artwork incorporates two or more different materials, techniques, or art forms within a single piece.

Question 29: A line graph shows sales rising from January to June and falling from June to December. What does the peak in June represent?

The minimum sales for the year
The median of all data points
The average monthly sales
The maximum sales for the year (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The maximum sales for the year

The highest point on the line graph in June represents the maximum (peak) value of sales during that year.

Question 30: Which expression is equivalent to -(2x - 5)?

2x + 5
-2x - 5
2x - 5
-2x + 5 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: -2x + 5

Distributing the negative sign: -(2x - 5) = -2x + 5.

Question 31: Which expression is equivalent to 3(2x - 4) + 5x?

11x - 12 (Correct answer)
11x + 12
11x - 4
6x - 12

Correct answer: 11x - 12

Distribute to get 6x - 12 + 5x, then combine like terms to get 11x - 12.

Question 32: An article argues that the adoption of renewable energy sources is essential for long-term economic stability. Which of the following pieces of evidence would most strongly support the author's claim?

An analysis of the aesthetic appeal of wind turbines in the landscape.
A personal anecdote from someone who enjoys having solar panels on their home.
A projection showing the rising costs of fossil fuels over the next two decades. (Correct answer)
A statement from a fossil fuel company executive questioning the reliability of wind power.

Correct answer: A projection showing the rising costs of fossil fuels over the next two decades.

The author's claim is about economic stability. Therefore, strong evidence must be related to economic factors. A projection of rising fossil fuel costs directly supports the argument that a shift to other energy sources is economically necessary for long-term stability. The other options are based on personal opinion, potential bias, or non-economic factors.

Question 33: For NJSLA ELA, what type of text passage is typically included to reflect informational reading?

Poetry only
Plays and scripts
Nonfiction articles and essays (Correct answer)
Only fictional short stories

Correct answer: Nonfiction articles and essays

NJSLA ELA includes nonfiction articles and essays to assess informational reading alongside literary texts.

Question 34: Which sentence BEST demonstrates an effective use of a statistic as evidence?

The CDC reports that 42% of American adults are obese, demonstrating that public health interventions targeting diet and activity are urgently needed. (Correct answer)
Some numbers from a study support the idea.
A lot of data proves my point is correct.
Statistics show that things are getting worse.

Correct answer: The CDC reports that 42% of American adults are obese, demonstrating that public health interventions targeting diet and activity are urgently needed.

An effective statistic names the source, provides a precise number, and explains what that number means in relation to the argument.

Question 35: A student writes: 'The new recycling policy will solve all environmental problems.' This statement is an example of:

A strong thesis
Overgeneralization (Correct answer)
A supporting detail
A counter-argument

Correct answer: Overgeneralization

Claiming a single policy will 'solve all environmental problems' is an overgeneralization that overstates the evidence and weakens the argument.

Question 36: In the coordinate plane, Triangle ABC has vertices at A(2, 3), B(5, 3), and C(2, 7). Which of the following transformations will result in a triangle with vertices at A'(-2, -3), B'(-5, -3), and C'(-2, -7)?

A translation 4 units to the left
A reflection across the x-axis
A 180-degree rotation about the origin (Correct answer)
A reflection across the y-axis

Correct answer: A 180-degree rotation about the origin

A 180-degree rotation about the origin follows the rule (x, y) -> (-x, -y). Applying this rule to each vertex: A(2, 3) becomes A'(-2, -3), B(5, 3) becomes B'(-5, -3), and C(2, 7) becomes C'(-2, -7). These are the coordinates of the transformed triangle.

Question 37: Which statistic describes how spread out the values in a data set are from the mean?

Standard deviation (Correct answer)
Mode
Median
Range

Correct answer: Standard deviation

Standard deviation measures the average distance of each data point from the mean, quantifying how spread out the data is.

Question 38: A data set has values: 4, 4, 6, 8, 10, 10, 14. What is the mode?

10
4 and 10 (Correct answer)
8
4

Correct answer: 4 and 10

Both 4 and 10 appear twice, making this a bimodal data set with modes of 4 and 10.

Question 39: A student reads a passage about climate change and must identify the author's central claim. Which element best helps identify the central claim?

The repeated idea supported throughout the text (Correct answer)
The title of the article
The longest paragraph in the passage
The first sentence of the conclusion

Correct answer: The repeated idea supported throughout the text

The central claim is the main argument an author makes and is supported by evidence throughout the entire text.

Question 40: Which of the following is NOT a polynomial?

7
x² + 2x + 1
3x⁻¹ + 5 (Correct answer)
4x³ - x

Correct answer: 3x⁻¹ + 5

Polynomials cannot have negative exponents; 3x⁻¹ + 5 is a rational expression, not a polynomial.

Question 41: In an informational text, an author uses the phrase 'a double-edged sword' to describe the proliferation of social media. What is the primary function of this phrase?

To suggest that social media is outdated.
To praise the technological innovation of social media platforms.
To argue that social media is primarily a tool for conflict.
To indicate that social media has both positive and negative aspects. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To indicate that social media has both positive and negative aspects.

The idiom 'a double-edged sword' is a figure of speech used to describe something that has both favorable and unfavorable consequences. Its use indicates that the author will likely discuss both the benefits and the drawbacks of social media.

Question 42: Why is it important to vary sentence structure in an NJSLA narrative response?

It ensures the narrative meets the minimum word count requirement.
It makes the story easier to read aloud during peer review.
It allows the writer to include more ideas without using more words.
It creates rhythm, maintains reader interest, and demonstrates writing sophistication. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: It creates rhythm, maintains reader interest, and demonstrates writing sophistication.

Varied sentence structure signals a skilled writer and keeps readers engaged by avoiding monotonous, predictable patterns.

Question 43: Two parallel lines are cut by a transversal. Which pair of angles is always equal?

Alternate interior angles (Correct answer)
Co-interior angles
Supplementary angles
Adjacent angles

Correct answer: Alternate interior angles

Alternate interior angles are congruent when two parallel lines are cut by a transversal.

Question 44: Which strategy BEST helps a reader monitor their comprehension while reading a complex informational text?

Pausing to ask questions and summarize sections in their own words (Correct answer)
Reading as fast as possible to finish quickly
Only reading the first and last paragraph
Skipping unfamiliar vocabulary words

Correct answer: Pausing to ask questions and summarize sections in their own words

Pausing to self-question and paraphrase helps readers check their understanding and identify sections that require rereading.

Question 45: What is the least common multiple (LCM) of 4 and 6?

24
2
12 (Correct answer)
8

Correct answer: 12

Multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12… and of 6: 6, 12…; the smallest shared multiple is 12.

Question 46: A survey of 200 students found that 60 prefer math. What percentage prefer math?

25%
40%
30% (Correct answer)
35%

Correct answer: 30%

60 divided by 200 equals 0.30, which is 30%.

Question 47: What is the surface area of a cube with edge length 5 cm?

100 cm²
150 cm² (Correct answer)
125 cm²
25 cm²

Correct answer: 150 cm²

A cube has 6 faces, each with area 5² = 25 cm², so total surface area = 6 × 25 = 150 cm².

Question 48: In an informational text, a student encounters two paragraphs that present conflicting data on a topic. What is the best strategy to evaluate which source is more reliable?

Consider the credentials of each source cited (Correct answer)
Pick the data that supports the student's opinion
Select the paragraph that appears first
Choose the paragraph with more words

Correct answer: Consider the credentials of each source cited

Reliable sources are evaluated by the expertise and credibility of those cited, not by length or position.

Question 49: Which measure of central tendency is most affected by an outlier?

Median
Range
Mean (Correct answer)
Mode

Correct answer: Mean

The mean is most affected by outliers because it sums all values and divides by the count, so an extreme value shifts it significantly.

Question 50: A town's population grows according to the model P(t) = 12,000 · (1.03)^t, where t is years. What does the value 1.03 represent?

The number of years to double
A 3% annual growth rate (Correct answer)
The initial population
A 3% annual decay rate

Correct answer: A 3% annual growth rate

In an exponential growth model P = P₀ · b^t, the base b = 1.03 means the population increases by 3% each year.

Question 51: What value of n makes 5n - 8 = 3n + 4 true?

2
8
6 (Correct answer)
3

Correct answer: 6

Subtract 3n from both sides: 2n - 8 = 4; add 8: 2n = 12; divide by 2: n = 6.

Question 52: A recipe for a specific shade of paint requires mixing 3 parts blue paint with 5 parts yellow paint. A painter needs to make a total of 24 gallons of this paint. How many gallons of yellow paint does the painter need?

19 gallons
8 gallons
9 gallons
15 gallons (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 15 gallons

The total ratio is 3 + 5 = 8 parts. To find the value of one part, divide the total volume by the total number of parts: 24 gallons / 8 parts = 3 gallons per part. Since the recipe requires 5 parts of yellow paint, multiply the value of one part by 5: 3 gallons/part * 5 parts = 15 gallons of yellow paint.

Question 53: When writing an evidence-based argument, what is the PRIMARY purpose of a counterclaim?

To summarize the author's main evidence
To introduce a new topic unrelated to the thesis
To distract the reader from the main argument
To acknowledge an opposing view and then refute it (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To acknowledge an opposing view and then refute it

A counterclaim acknowledges an opposing viewpoint and then refutes it, strengthening the overall argument by showing the writer has considered multiple perspectives.

Question 54: In the passage, a character is described as 'an inveterate traveler who had visited over fifty countries.' What does inveterate suggest about the traveler?

fearful
occasional
habitual (Correct answer)
reluctant

Correct answer: habitual

Inveterate means having a habit or practice that is deeply established over time.

Question 55: A library charges $0.25 per day for overdue books with a maximum fine of $5.00 per book. If Emma returns 3 books that are each 12 days overdue, how much does she owe?

$5.00
$7.50
$15.00
$9.00 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: $9.00

Fine per book = 12 × $0.25 = $3.00, which is under the $5.00 cap; total = 3 × $3.00 = $9.00.

Question 56: The length of a rectangular garden is 3 more than twice its width. Its area is 90 square feet. What is the width?

5 ft
6 ft (Correct answer)
10 ft
9 ft

Correct answer: 6 ft

Let w = width; then length = 2w + 3, and w(2w + 3) = 90 → 2w² + 3w − 90 = 0 → (2w + 15)(w − 6) = 0 → w = 6.

Question 57: Which expression is equivalent to (x + 4)(x - 2)?

x² - 8
x² - 2x - 8
x² + 2x + 8
x² + 2x - 8 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: x² + 2x - 8

Using FOIL: x² - 2x + 4x - 8 = x² + 2x - 8.

Question 58: A circle has a circumference of 31.4 cm. What is its area? (Use π ≈ 3.14)

78.5 cm² (Correct answer)
50 cm²
25 cm²
100 cm²

Correct answer: 78.5 cm²

C = 2πr → r = 31.4/(2 × 3.14) = 5 cm; Area = πr² = 3.14 × 25 = 78.5 cm².

Question 59: What is the NJSLS-VPA's primary objective?

Emphasizing theoretical understanding of arts discipline
Promoting memorization-based learning
Emphasizing the process-oriented nature of arts and arts learning (Correct answer)
Limiting creativity in the arts

Correct answer: Emphasizing the process-oriented nature of arts and arts learning

The primary objective of the NJSLS-VPA is to foster a deep understanding and engagement with the arts through active participation and exploration. These standards emphasize the creative process, encouraging students to experiment, create, and reflect on their artistic journey rather than solely focusing on memorization or theoretical knowledge. This approach develops critical thinking, problem-solving, and self-expression through hands-on learning.

Question 60: Which term is a 'like term' with 4x²y?

-7x²y (Correct answer)
7xy
4x²
4xy²

Correct answer: -7x²y

Like terms must have the same variables raised to the same powers; -7x²y matches x²y.

NJSLA – New Jersey Student Learning Assessment

The NJSLA measures student proficiency in English Language Arts, Mathematics, and Science across New Jersey public schools (grades 3–11). It uses multiple-choice, constructed-response, and technology-enhanced items.

Questions

390 min

Time Limit

50%

To Pass

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