NJGPA Exam — Questions and Answers

Question 1: Which statement best describes a data set with a large standard deviation?

The median and mean are equal
The data values are clustered closely around the mean
The data has no outliers
The data values are widely spread out from the mean (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The data values are widely spread out from the mean

A large standard deviation indicates that the data values are spread far from the mean, showing high variability.

Question 2: A 15-foot ladder is leaning against a wall. The base of the ladder is 9 feet away from the base of the wall. How high up the wall does the ladder reach?

10 feet
18 feet
12 feet (Correct answer)
24 feet

Correct answer: 12 feet

This scenario forms a right triangle, with the ladder as the hypotenuse. Using the Pythagorean theorem (a² + b² = c²), we have a² + 9² = 15². This simplifies to a² + 81 = 225. Subtracting 81 gives a² = 144. Taking the square root, a = 12 feet.

Question 3: Read the sentence: 'Despite the initial setbacks, the team remained resilient, quickly adapting their strategy and ultimately achieving their goal.' What does 'resilient' mean in this context?

Anxious and worried about failure
Stubborn and unwilling to change
Lucky and fortunate
Able to recover quickly from difficulties (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Able to recover quickly from difficulties

The team faced 'setbacks' but was able to 'quickly adapt' and 'ultimately achieve their goal.' This shows an ability to recover from difficulties. Therefore, 'resilient' means being able to withstand or recover quickly from tough conditions.

Question 4: A passage begins by describing the widespread problem of food deserts in urban areas. It then examines several community-led initiatives, such as urban gardens and mobile markets, designed to address this issue. Which text structure does the author primarily use?

Cause and effect
Problem and solution (Correct answer)
Compare and contrast
Chronological order

Correct answer: Problem and solution

The passage is organized using a problem/solution structure. It first establishes a clear problem (food deserts) and then spends the majority of the text presenting and explaining various solutions to that problem.

Question 5: Source 1 argues that remote work increases employee productivity and job satisfaction. Source 2 explains that fully remote work can lead to social isolation and weaker team cohesion. Which statement best synthesizes information from both sources?

Source 1 and Source 2 present completely contradictory information about remote work.
Companies should avoid remote work because it harms team cohesion.
While remote work can offer benefits like increased productivity, companies must also address potential downsides such as employee isolation. (Correct answer)
Remote work is the best model for all companies because it increases productivity.

Correct answer: While remote work can offer benefits like increased productivity, companies must also address potential downsides such as employee isolation.

A good synthesis combines key ideas from multiple sources to form a new, more nuanced understanding. This option acknowledges the benefits from Source 1 (productivity, satisfaction) while also incorporating the drawbacks from Source 2 (isolation, weaker cohesion), creating a balanced conclusion.

Question 6: Which of the following is an example of an appeal to authority (ethos) in an informational text?

'Imagine waking up unable to breathe—that is the daily reality for asthma patients.'
'According to the Surgeon General, regular exercise reduces heart disease risk by 35%.' (Correct answer)
'This problem has worsened significantly over the past decade.'
'Millions of Americans suffer from this disease every year.'

Correct answer: 'According to the Surgeon General, regular exercise reduces heart disease risk by 35%.'

Citing the Surgeon General establishes credibility through an authoritative expert source, which is the rhetorical appeal of ethos.

Question 7: An author writing about the history of jazz includes headings such as 'The Birth of Jazz,' 'The Swing Era,' and 'Modern Jazz.' What text structure does this most clearly indicate?

Cause and effect
Problem and solution
Compare and contrast
Chronological order (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Chronological order

Headings that mark distinct historical periods indicate a chronological structure organizing events in time order.

Question 8: A data set contains the values 2, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 50. Which measure of central tendency would be most misleading when summarizing this data?

Mode
Median
Range
Mean (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Mean

The outlier 50 dramatically pulls the mean upward, making it unrepresentative of the rest of the data.

Question 9: Which subjects are tested in the New Jersey Graduation Proficiency Assessment (NJGPA)?

English Language Arts and Mathematics (Correct answer)
History and Technology
Physical Education and Fine Arts
Science and Social Studies

Correct answer: English Language Arts and Mathematics

The New Jersey Graduation Proficiency Assessment (NJGPA) focuses on evaluating students' foundational skills in two critical academic areas. These subjects, English Language Arts and Mathematics, are considered essential for demonstrating readiness for high school graduation. The assessment ensures students have a solid grasp of these core competencies.

Question 10: What happens if a student scores below the proficient level on the NJGPA?

The student can still graduate without additional requirements.
The student may need to retake the test or complete an alternative assessment. (Correct answer)
The student will be placed in remedial college courses.
The student will automatically fail high school.

Correct answer: The student may need to retake the test or complete an alternative assessment.

Scoring below the proficient level on the NJGPA means a student has not yet met the state's graduation requirement. In such cases, schools provide opportunities for students to improve their scores, typically through retaking the test. Alternatively, students may be eligible to complete an approved alternative assessment to demonstrate their proficiency.

Question 11: What is the role of schools in preparing students for the NJGPA?

Schools only help students prepare for college entrance exams.
Schools provide no preparation or support for the exam.
Schools offer remediation, practice sessions, and support to students who need it. (Correct answer)
Schools only distribute the test but do not provide any further preparation.

Correct answer: Schools offer remediation, practice sessions, and support to students who need it.

Schools play a crucial role in preparing students for the NJGPA by providing targeted support. This includes offering remediation for areas where students are struggling, conducting practice sessions to familiarize them with the test, and providing general academic support. Their goal is to ensure all students have the best chance to meet the graduation proficiency requirement.

Question 12: Which sentence uses context to help the reader determine the meaning of the underlined word? 'The physician prescribed a regimen — a strict daily schedule of diet, exercise, and medication — for her patient.'

The dash introduces a definition that explains 'regimen' directly. (Correct answer)
'Patient' is the context clue for 'regimen.'
The word 'prescribed' is a synonym for 'regimen.'
The word 'physician' tells us the meaning of 'regimen.'

Correct answer: The dash introduces a definition that explains 'regimen' directly.

The dash signals that what follows is an appositive definition, directly explaining the meaning of 'regimen.'

Question 13: A bag contains 3 red marbles, 5 blue marbles, and 2 green marbles. If one marble is drawn at random, what is the probability it is blue?

1/5
3/10
2/5
1/2 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 1/2

There are 5 blue marbles out of 10 total (3+5+2=10), so the probability is 5/10 = 1/2.

Question 14: Which sentence demonstrates the correct way to integrate a quotation from page 25 of a book by author Jane Doe?

Jane Doe on page 25 says 'The benefits are numerous.'
The book states, 'The benefits are numerous.' (Jane Doe, page 25).
'The benefits are numerous.' This is what Jane Doe thinks.
One author argues that 'the benefits are numerous' (Doe 25). (Correct answer)

Correct answer: One author argues that 'the benefits are numerous' (Doe 25).

This option correctly integrates the quotation by providing context ('argues that'), enclosing the quote in quotation marks, and including a proper parenthetical citation with the author's last name and the page number.

Question 15: What is the primary purpose of the New Jersey Graduation Proficiency Assessment (NJGPA)?

To determine eligibility for state scholarships
To assess student proficiency in core academic subjects for graduation (Correct answer)
To measure the success of the New Jersey education system
To evaluate a student's readiness for college-level courses

Correct answer: To assess student proficiency in core academic subjects for graduation

The NJGPA is a statewide assessment designed to measure whether New Jersey high school students have achieved the academic proficiency necessary for graduation. It specifically evaluates their understanding and skills in core subjects like English Language Arts and Mathematics. Passing this assessment is a requirement for earning a high school diploma in New Jersey.

Question 16: How does the NJGPA impact a student’s ability to graduate from high school in New Jersey?

It is only required for students in advanced classes.
It is optional for students who want to attend college.
Students must pass the NJGPA to graduate. (Correct answer)
It only determines eligibility for extracurricular activities.

Correct answer: Students must pass the NJGPA to graduate.

The NJGPA serves as a crucial graduation requirement in New Jersey. Students are mandated to demonstrate proficiency on this assessment in order to earn their high school diploma. If a student does not pass, they typically have opportunities for retakes or alternative assessments to meet the graduation standard.

Question 17: What type of support is available for students who have difficulty with the NJGPA?

Students who fail are excluded from graduation
Special accommodations and support services, such as extended time or alternate formats (Correct answer)
No additional support is available; all students must take the test in the same way
Only students in advanced classes receive support

Correct answer: Special accommodations and support services, such as extended time or alternate formats

To ensure equitable access and fair assessment, students with documented disabilities or specific needs are eligible for special accommodations during the NJGPA. These accommodations, which might include extended time, alternative testing formats, or assistive technologies, are designed to remove barriers and allow students to demonstrate their true proficiency. This support helps level the playing field for all test-takers.

Question 18: An author describes a new city policy using words like 'ill-conceived,' 'burdensome,' and 'a logistical nightmare.' What is the author's tone toward the new policy?

Neutral and objective
Supportive and optimistic
Curious and questioning
Critical and disapproving (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Critical and disapproving

The author's word choice (diction) reveals a strong negative attitude. Words like 'ill-conceived,' 'burdensome,' and 'nightmare' are highly critical and express disapproval of the policy.

Question 19: Which question would BEST help a reader identify the central idea of an informational article?

How long is each paragraph?
What point is the author repeatedly making throughout the text? (Correct answer)
What examples does the author use first?
What vocabulary words are new to me?

Correct answer: What point is the author repeatedly making throughout the text?

The central idea is the dominant point an author makes throughout a text, so tracking repeated claims leads you to it.

Question 20: The graph shows the height of a ball thrown into the air over time. The highest point on the graph is (3, 25). What is the maximum height the ball reaches?

3
25 (Correct answer)
28
It cannot be determined from the graph.

Correct answer: 25

The maximum value of a function shown on a graph corresponds to the y-coordinate of the highest point (the vertex or a peak). In this case, the point (3, 25) means that at 3 seconds (x-value), the height is 25 feet (y-value). Therefore, the maximum height is 25.

Question 21: What happens if a student does not meet the required proficiency on the NJGPA?

The student must retake the test or complete an alternative assessment. (Correct answer)
The student receives a special diploma.
The student can take the test again in college.
The student automatically fails high school.

Correct answer: The student must retake the test or complete an alternative assessment.

If a student does not achieve proficiency on the NJGPA, they are not automatically failed but are given opportunities to meet the graduation requirement. This typically involves retaking the assessment or completing an approved alternative assessment. These options are designed to provide students with multiple pathways to demonstrate their academic readiness for graduation.

Question 22: In two triangles, two pairs of corresponding angles and the pair of corresponding non-included sides are congruent. Which theorem proves the triangles are congruent?

Side-Angle-Side (SAS)
Angle-Angle-Side (AAS) (Correct answer)
Side-Side-Side (SSS)
Angle-Side-Angle (ASA)

Correct answer: Angle-Angle-Side (AAS)

The Angle-Angle-Side (AAS) congruence theorem states that if two angles and a non-included side of one triangle are congruent to the corresponding two angles and non-included side of another triangle, then the triangles are congruent. The description matches this theorem perfectly.

Question 23: A school sold 300 tickets for a play. Student tickets cost $5 each and adult tickets cost $8 each. If the school collected a total of $1,950, how many adult tickets were sold?

100
200
150 (Correct answer)
125

Correct answer: 150

Let 's' be the number of student tickets and 'a' be the number of adult tickets. We have two equations: s + a = 300 and 5s + 8a = 1950. Solving the first for s (s = 300 - a) and substituting into the second gives 5(300 - a) + 8a = 1950, which simplifies to 1500 - 5a + 8a = 1950, then 3a = 450, so a = 150.

Question 24: Consider the function f(x) represented by the table of values below. What is the y-intercept of the function? Table: x: -2, -1, 0, 1, 2; f(x): 9, 6, 3, 0, -3

(1, 0)
(0, 1)
(0, 3) (Correct answer)
(3, 0)

Correct answer: (0, 3)

The y-intercept is the point where the graph of the function crosses the y-axis. This always occurs when the x-value is 0. According to the table, when x = 0, the value of f(x) is 3, so the y-intercept is (0, 3).

Question 25: Gym A charges a $100 membership fee plus $20 per month. Gym B charges a $50 membership fee plus $30 per month. After how many months will the total cost of both gyms be the same?

8 months
5 months (Correct answer)
10 months
3 months

Correct answer: 5 months

Set the cost expressions for both gyms equal to each other. Let 'm' be the number of months. The equation is 100 + 20m = 50 + 30m. Solving for m gives 50 = 10m, so m = 5.

Question 26: How can students access practice materials for the NJGPA?

Practice materials are distributed by the state only after the test.
Students can access practice materials through their school or online portals. (Correct answer)
Students must purchase practice materials from private companies.
Practice materials are only available on the day of the test.

Correct answer: Students can access practice materials through their school or online portals.

To facilitate preparation, practice materials for the NJGPA are readily accessible to students. Schools often provide these resources directly, and the New Jersey Department of Education typically offers official practice tests and study guides through its online portals. This ensures students have ample opportunities to familiarize themselves with the exam format and content.

Question 27: In an article about the benefits of solar power, one paragraph is dedicated to explaining the scientific process of photovoltaics. How does this paragraph contribute to the author's central idea?

It introduces a counterclaim against solar power.
It entertains the reader with a personal story.
It provides scientific evidence to support the claims about solar energy's effectiveness. (Correct answer)
It serves as a transition to a different topic.

Correct answer: It provides scientific evidence to support the claims about solar energy's effectiveness.

By explaining the scientific process behind solar power, the author is providing factual, evidence-based support for the central idea. This adds credibility and helps the reader understand why solar power is a viable and effective energy source, thus strengthening the overall argument.

Question 28: In a literary text, a symbol is best described as:

a comparison using 'like' or 'as'
the sequence of events in the plot
an object, place, or event that represents a deeper meaning beyond its literal one (Correct answer)
a direct statement of the story's moral

Correct answer: an object, place, or event that represents a deeper meaning beyond its literal one

Symbolism occurs when a concrete element in a story carries a broader abstract meaning beyond its surface appearance.

Question 29: In ΔPQR, ∠Q is a right angle. Point S is on PR such that QS is perpendicular to PR. Which statement proves that ΔPQS ~ ΔQRS?

Angle-Angle (AA) Similarity (Correct answer)
Side-Side-Side (SSS) Similarity
They are not necessarily similar.
Side-Angle-Side (SAS) Similarity

Correct answer: Angle-Angle (AA) Similarity

In a right triangle, the altitude to the hypotenuse creates three similar triangles. Both smaller triangles (ΔPQS and ΔQRS) are similar to the large triangle (ΔPQR) and to each other. This similarity is proven by Angle-Angle (AA) similarity, as each small triangle shares an angle with the large triangle and both have a right angle.

Question 30: An author writes a biography in which only positive events about the subject are included, while negative ones are omitted. This is an example of:

objective reporting
bias through selective evidence (Correct answer)
compare-and-contrast structure
reliable narration

Correct answer: bias through selective evidence

When an author selectively presents only evidence that supports one side, the text is biased regardless of whether the included facts are true.

Question 31: Given that ΔABC ≅ ΔXYZ, AB = 2x + 1, and XY = 15. What is the value of x?

x = 14
x = 6
x = 8
x = 7 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: x = 7

If two triangles are congruent, their corresponding parts are congruent (CPCTC). Therefore, side AB corresponds to side XY, and their lengths must be equal. Set up the equation 2x + 1 = 15. Solving for x gives 2x = 14, so x = 7.

Question 32: When planning an essay using multiple sources, what is the most important first step after reading and annotating the sources?

Choose five direct quotations to use in the essay.
Check for spelling and grammar errors.
Write the conclusion paragraph.
Develop a controlling thesis statement that synthesizes information from the sources. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Develop a controlling thesis statement that synthesizes information from the sources.

Before you can begin writing, you need a central argument, or thesis statement, that will guide your entire essay. This thesis should be based on the information you synthesized from the sources and will determine what evidence you select and how you structure your body paragraphs.

Question 33: What type of skills are tested in the open-ended questions on the NJGPA?

Basic physical education knowledge
Basic factual recall
Simple memorization of math formulas
Higher-order thinking skills such as analysis and synthesis (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Higher-order thinking skills such as analysis and synthesis

Open-ended questions on the NJGPA are specifically designed to assess higher-order thinking skills, moving beyond simple factual recall. These questions require students to demonstrate abilities such as analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and critical reasoning. This format allows for a deeper assessment of a student's capacity to process information, form arguments, and construct detailed responses.

Question 34: Read this sentence from a passage about a new technology: 'The innovation unleashed a wave of creativity among developers.' How does the author's use of the word 'unleashed' affect the meaning of the sentence?

It indicates that the creativity was expected and predictable.
It emphasizes the powerful and sudden impact of the innovation. (Correct answer)
It suggests the creativity was chaotic and uncontrolled.
It implies the innovation was a dangerous development.

Correct answer: It emphasizes the powerful and sudden impact of the innovation.

The word 'unleashed' has a strong, energetic connotation, suggesting a powerful and sudden release of something that was previously held back. This word choice implies that the creativity was not just started but was set free in a dynamic and impactful way, which is more powerful than simply 'started' or 'caused'.

Question 35: A car rental company charges $40 per day plus $0.25 per mile driven. If a person rents a car for 3 days and their total bill is $270, how many miles did they drive?

1080 miles
580 miles
600 miles (Correct answer)
520 miles

Correct answer: 600 miles

Let 'm' be the number of miles. The cost for the days is 3 * $40 = $120. The cost for the miles is 0.25m. The total cost equation is 120 + 0.25m = 270. Subtracting 120 gives 0.25m = 150. Dividing by 0.25 gives m = 600.

Question 36: A data set of test scores has a mean of 78 and a standard deviation of 5. Which score is closest to 2 standard deviations above the mean?

90
83
85
88 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 88

Two standard deviations above the mean: 78 + 2(5) = 78 + 10 = 88.

Question 37: What is the purpose of remediation offered by schools for the NJGPA?

To give students extra points for taking the test
To teach students unrelated skills, such as physical fitness
To help students improve in areas where they are struggling before retaking the test (Correct answer)
To allow students to skip the NJGPA

Correct answer: To help students improve in areas where they are struggling before retaking the test

Remediation for the NJGPA is designed to provide targeted academic support to students who did not achieve proficiency. Its purpose is to address specific learning gaps in English Language Arts and Mathematics, helping students strengthen their skills. This intervention aims to prepare them more effectively for a retake, increasing their chances of meeting the graduation requirement.

Question 38: When comparing two informational texts on the same topic, a reader should first examine:

Which text was published more recently
Which text is longer and therefore more authoritative
Which text uses more technical vocabulary
Each author's purpose, perspective, and structural choices (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Each author's purpose, perspective, and structural choices

Comparing author's purpose, perspective, and structural choices reveals how different authors shape meaning and what influences their presentation of information.

Question 39: What is the slope of the line passing through the points (2, 5) and (6, 13)?

3
2 (Correct answer)
1
4

Correct answer: 2

Slope = (13 - 5) / (6 - 2) = 8 / 4 = 2.

Question 40: A student notices that an informational text uses bold font for certain terms throughout. What is the MOST likely purpose of this formatting?

To show which sentences are most entertaining
To identify information that was added after the article was first published
To signal key vocabulary that is central to understanding the text (Correct answer)
To indicate that these terms are incorrect and should be questioned

Correct answer: To signal key vocabulary that is central to understanding the text

Bold font in informational texts typically highlights key vocabulary or central concepts that readers need to understand.

Question 41: What resources are available to help students prepare for the NJGPA?

Practice tests, study guides, and online resources (Correct answer)
Private tutoring and special accommodations
Only classroom lectures and discussions
Extra-credit assignments in physical education

Correct answer: Practice tests, study guides, and online resources

To help students prepare effectively for the NJGPA, a variety of resources are made available. These include official practice tests that simulate the actual exam, comprehensive study guides covering key content areas, and online resources provided by the state or schools. These materials help students familiarize themselves with the test format and content.

Question 42: Source 1 describes the rapid advancement of AI in creative fields. Source 2 details the potential for AI to automate logistical tasks. Source 3 discusses ethical concerns regarding AI decision-making. Based on these sources, what is a reasonable conclusion?

AI's growing capabilities will impact various sectors, raising both opportunities and ethical questions. (Correct answer)
AI is primarily a threat to logistical and transportation jobs.
AI will only be useful for creative tasks.
The development of AI has no significant downsides.

Correct answer: AI's growing capabilities will impact various sectors, raising both opportunities and ethical questions.

This conclusion synthesizes the information from all three sources. It acknowledges the advancements (Sources 1 & 2), the different areas of impact (creative and logistical), and the associated challenges (Source 3), showing a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

Question 43: You are writing an essay on the impact of artificial intelligence on the job market. Which of the following sources would be the MOST credible to use as evidence?

A research paper published by economists at a major university. (Correct answer)
A blog post by a tech enthusiast sharing their personal opinions.
A marketing brochure from a company that sells AI software.
A viral social media thread discussing fears about AI.

Correct answer: A research paper published by economists at a major university.

For an academic or research-based essay, a study from a reputable university is considered a highly credible source. It implies peer review, rigorous methodology, and an objective approach, unlike a personal blog, a company's promotional material, or an unverified social media post.

Question 44: Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of a concluding paragraph in an informational text?

to restate the central idea and reinforce key points (Correct answer)
to present the opposing viewpoint in full
to define technical vocabulary used earlier
to introduce new evidence the reader hasn't seen

Correct answer: to restate the central idea and reinforce key points

A conclusion synthesizes the main argument and key supporting points rather than introducing new information.

Question 45: When an author uses a first-person narrator who misunderstands a situation the reader can see clearly, this technique is called:

foreshadowing
hyperbole
unreliable narration (Correct answer)
dramatic irony

Correct answer: unreliable narration

An unreliable narrator is one whose perception or judgment is flawed, creating a gap between what they believe and what the reader understands.

Question 46: An informational text includes a graph showing population growth alongside a paragraph discussing urbanization. How does the graph function in relation to the paragraph?

It replaces the paragraph for visual learners
It provides visual evidence that supports and clarifies the written content (Correct answer)
It contradicts the paragraph's central claim
It introduces a new argument not discussed in the text

Correct answer: It provides visual evidence that supports and clarifies the written content

Graphs in informational texts serve to visually represent data that supports and makes the written content more concrete and understandable.

Question 47: Which of the following is the BEST example of an author using specific word choice to convey a negative tone toward a policy?

'The policy took effect following a standard review period.'
'The bill was signed into law on Tuesday afternoon.'
'Officials rammed through the controversial measure despite widespread opposition.' (Correct answer)
'The legislation was passed with bipartisan support in both chambers.'

Correct answer: 'Officials rammed through the controversial measure despite widespread opposition.'

The word 'rammed' carries a forceful, aggressive connotation and, combined with 'controversial' and 'despite widespread opposition,' signals a clearly negative tone.

Question 48: A 6-foot tall person casts a 4-foot shadow. At the same time, a nearby flagpole casts a 20-foot shadow. How tall is the flagpole?

28 feet
40 feet
24 feet
30 feet (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 30 feet

The person and their shadow, and the flagpole and its shadow, form two similar right triangles. Set up a proportion of corresponding sides: (person's height) / (person's shadow) = (flagpole's height) / (flagpole's shadow). This gives 6/4 = h/20. Cross-multiply to get 4h = 120, so h = 30 feet.

Question 49: Two triangles are similar. The sides of the first triangle are 5, 12, and 13. The shortest side of the second triangle is 15. What is the perimeter of the second triangle?

90 (Correct answer)
120
60
30

Correct answer: 90

First, find the scale factor by comparing the corresponding shortest sides: 15 / 5 = 3. This means all sides of the second triangle are 3 times larger. The other sides are 12*3=36 and 13*3=39. The perimeter of the second triangle is 15 + 36 + 39 = 90. Alternatively, find the perimeter of the first triangle (5+12+13=30) and multiply by the scale factor (30*3=90).

Question 50: A frequency table shows that 12 students scored in the 80–89 range out of 40 total students. What percentage of students scored in this range?

33%
12%
30% (Correct answer)
25%

Correct answer: 30%

12 ÷ 40 = 0.30, and 0.30 × 100 = 30%, so 30% of students scored in the 80–89 range.

Question 51: An environmental report uses the phrase 'a ticking time bomb' to describe melting permafrost. This phrase is primarily an example of:

An understatement that minimizes the problem
A metaphor that conveys urgency and danger (Correct answer)
A simile comparing two natural events
A literal scientific description

Correct answer: A metaphor that conveys urgency and danger

'A ticking time bomb' is a metaphor that creates a sense of urgency by comparing permafrost melt to an imminent explosive device.

Question 52: A passage states: 'Unlike traditional textbooks, digital platforms allow students to revisit lessons at their own pace.' The word 'Unlike' signals which type of text structure?

Compare and contrast (Correct answer)
Chronological order
Problem and solution
Cause and effect

Correct answer: Compare and contrast

'Unlike' explicitly introduces a comparison between two different approaches to learning.

Question 53: How is the NJGPA structured in terms of testing sessions?

It is a month-long assessment.
It is taken all at once but with a break in the middle.
It is a single session test.
It is broken into multiple sessions, typically over a few days. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: It is broken into multiple sessions, typically over a few days.

Standardized assessments like the NJGPA are typically structured into multiple sessions spread over several days. This approach is designed to prevent student fatigue and allow for comprehensive testing across different subject areas without overwhelming students. It ensures adequate time for each section, such as English Language Arts and Mathematics, enabling students to perform at their best.

Question 54: Function A is represented by the equation y = 4x + 5. Function B is represented by a graph that is a straight line passing through the points (0, 3) and (2, 7). Which statement is true?

The y-intercept of Function A is less than the y-intercept of Function B.
The y-intercepts of both functions are equal.
The rate of change of Function B is greater than the rate of change of Function A.
The y-intercept of Function A is greater than the y-intercept of Function B. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The y-intercept of Function A is greater than the y-intercept of Function B.

The y-intercept is the value of y when x=0. For Function A, the equation is in slope-intercept form (y=mx+b), so the y-intercept (b) is 5. For Function B, the graph passes through (0, 3), which is its y-intercept. Since 5 > 3, the y-intercept of Function A is greater than the y-intercept of Function B.

Question 55: Read the following passage: 'The old house stood on a hill overlooking the town. Its windows were like vacant eyes, and the paint, peeling in long strips, resembled the skin of a forgotten creature. Locals whispered that on moonless nights, a faint light could be seen in the highest window, though no one had dared to venture close enough to confirm.' Which of the following statements is the BEST example of a direct inference supported by textual evidence from the passage?

The house is likely haunted or has a mysterious reputation. (Correct answer)
The house was recently renovated.
The house is for sale at a very low price.
The townspeople visit the house frequently.

Correct answer: The house is likely haunted or has a mysterious reputation.

The passage uses words like 'vacant eyes,' 'forgotten creature,' and describes whispers about a 'faint light on moonless nights.' This specific word choice and imagery directly support the inference that the house has a mysterious or haunted reputation among the locals. The other options are not supported by any evidence in the text.

Question 56: An author writing about vaccine development chooses to present information as a timeline from early experiments to modern mRNA technology. What is the MOST likely reason for this structural choice?

To describe the physical process of how a vaccine works in the body
To compare vaccines made in different countries
To argue that older vaccines were ineffective
To show how scientific progress builds on earlier discoveries over time (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To show how scientific progress builds on earlier discoveries over time

A chronological timeline structure effectively shows how scientific knowledge accumulates and each discovery builds on previous work.

Question 57: Which types of questions are included in the NJGPA?

Matching and long essay questions
Multiple-choice and open-ended questions (Correct answer)
Oral and practical assessment
True/False and Fill-in-the-Blank questions

Correct answer: Multiple-choice and open-ended questions

The NJGPA (New Jersey Graduation Proficiency Assessment) is designed to comprehensively evaluate a student's readiness for graduation. It includes a combination of multiple-choice questions, which assess foundational knowledge and understanding, and open-ended questions, which require more in-depth analysis, critical thinking, and written responses. This variety allows for a thorough assessment of different cognitive skills.

Question 58: A function is represented by a continuous graph that starts at the point (-4, 2) and ends at the point (5, -1). What is the domain of the function?

[-1, 2]
[-4, 5] (Correct answer)
{-4, 5}
All real numbers

Correct answer: [-4, 5]

The domain of a function refers to all possible x-values. Since the graph is continuous and extends from an x-value of -4 to an x-value of 5, inclusive, the domain is all real numbers between -4 and 5, which is written as [-4, 5] or -4 ≤ x ≤ 5.

Question 59: Which statement best describes the function of a concluding paragraph in an informational essay?

It presents the opposing viewpoint for the first time
It synthesizes the key points and reinforces the central idea (Correct answer)
It lists all sources used in the essay
It introduces new evidence to strengthen the argument

Correct answer: It synthesizes the key points and reinforces the central idea

A concluding paragraph synthesizes the main points made throughout the essay and reinforces the central idea without introducing new arguments.

Question 60: A plumber charges a flat fee of $50 for a service call, plus $75 per hour of work. If a customer's total bill was $425, which equation could be used to find the number of hours, h, the plumber worked?

50(h + 75) = 425
75h - 50 = 425
50h + 75 = 425
75h + 50 = 425 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 75h + 50 = 425

The total cost is the sum of the flat fee ($50) and the variable cost, which is the hourly rate ($75) multiplied by the number of hours (h). Therefore, the equation is 75h + 50 = 425.

Question 61: A spinner has 8 equal sections numbered 1 through 8. What is the probability of spinning an even number?

1/4
3/8
5/8
1/2 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 1/2

The even numbers are 2, 4, 6, and 8 — that's 4 out of 8 sections, giving a probability of 4/8 = 1/2.

Question 62: Read the excerpt below: 'Maria stood at the starting line, her heart pounding like a drum against her ribs. She took a deep breath, the crisp morning air a stark contrast to the fire in her lungs. She had trained for this marathon for months, sacrificing weekends and early mornings. Every grueling mile, every stitch in her side, had led to this single moment. She closed her eyes, visualizing the finish line, and a quiet determination settled over her.' What is the primary purpose of the imagery in this passage?

To compare Maria's training to that of other runners.
To describe the weather conditions on the day of the race.
To provide a factual account of marathon training.
To reveal Maria's internal state of anxiety and determination. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To reveal Maria's internal state of anxiety and determination.

The imagery, such as 'heart pounding like a drum' and 'fire in her lungs,' directly relates to Maria's physical and emotional feelings. The description of her visualizing the finish line and feeling 'quiet determination' further emphasizes her internal state. The other options are not the main focus of the descriptive language.

Question 63: The phrase 'the roaring twenties' uses which figurative device to describe the decade of the 1920s?

simile
alliteration and personification
irony
onomatopoeia and metaphor (Correct answer)

Correct answer: onomatopoeia and metaphor

'Roaring' is onomatopoeic (suggests sound/energy) and metaphorically attributes a quality of vigor to an entire decade.

Question 64: An article about cybersecurity is divided into sections titled 'The Threat,' 'The Vulnerability,' and 'The Solution.' What overall text structure does this suggest?

Compare and contrast
Problem and solution (Correct answer)
Chronological
Descriptive

Correct answer: Problem and solution

Section titles that progress from identifying a threat/vulnerability to offering a solution indicate a problem-solution text structure.

Question 65: Your claim is: 'Implementing a four-day work week can lead to reduced operational costs for businesses.' Which piece of evidence from a source best supports this claim?

'In a recent survey, 78% of employees reported a better work-life balance after switching to a four-day week.'
'Some managers worry that a shorter week could lead to missed deadlines.'
'The four-day work week is a revolutionary idea that challenges traditional corporate culture.'
'Our company saw a 20% decrease in electricity and other utility bills after we closed the office on Fridays.' (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 'Our company saw a 20% decrease in electricity and other utility bills after we closed the office on Fridays.'

This piece of evidence directly supports the claim about 'reduced operational costs.' The 20% reduction in electricity and utility usage is a specific, quantifiable example of how a company can save money by closing its office for an extra day.

Question 66: Which of the following best describes the purpose of a topic sentence in an informational paragraph?

To restate the conclusion of the text
To transition to the next paragraph
To provide evidence supporting the thesis
To introduce the main idea of the paragraph (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To introduce the main idea of the paragraph

A topic sentence states the main idea of a paragraph, preparing the reader for the supporting details that follow.

Question 67: A histogram displays test scores in intervals of 10. The bar for 70–79 has a frequency of 15, and the bar for 80–89 has a frequency of 20. What is the total number of students who scored between 70 and 89?

30
15
35 (Correct answer)
20

Correct answer: 35

Add the frequencies for both intervals: 15 + 20 = 35 students total.

Question 68: What is the purpose of the Mathematics section in the NJGPA?

To test students’ knowledge of social studies concepts
To test general knowledge about science
To assess knowledge of geometry only
To measure problem-solving and mathematical reasoning skills (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To measure problem-solving and mathematical reasoning skills

The Mathematics section of the NJGPA aims to assess more than just memorization of formulas; its main purpose is to measure a student's ability to apply mathematical concepts. It evaluates problem-solving skills, logical reasoning, and the capacity to interpret and analyze quantitative information. This focus ensures students can use mathematics effectively in real-world contexts.

Question 69: The graph of a function d(t) shows the distance (in miles) a car has traveled from its starting point after t hours. What does the point (3, 150) on the graph represent?

After 3 hours, the car has traveled 150 miles. (Correct answer)
The car will travel a total of 150 miles on its trip.
The car's average speed is 150 miles per hour.
The car traveled 3 miles in 150 hours.

Correct answer: After 3 hours, the car has traveled 150 miles.

In a function, the point (x, y) relates the input (x) to the output (y). In this context, t is the input and d(t) is the output. Therefore, the point (3, 150) means that when the time (t) is 3 hours, the distance traveled (d) is 150 miles.

Question 70: What is the purpose of the scoring system for the NJGPA?

To rank students within their school district
To evaluate the effectiveness of the New Jersey education system
To determine whether students meet the minimum proficiency required for graduation (Correct answer)
To assign grades to students for their overall high school performance

Correct answer: To determine whether students meet the minimum proficiency required for graduation

The scoring system for the NJGPA is specifically designed to evaluate if students have reached a predetermined level of academic proficiency in English Language Arts and Mathematics. This minimum proficiency is a state-mandated requirement for high school graduation. The scores indicate whether a student has met this critical benchmark.

Question 71: Two parallel lines are cut by a transversal. If one alternate interior angle measures 72°, what is the measure of the other alternate interior angle?

18°
72° (Correct answer)
36°
108°

Correct answer: 72°

Alternate interior angles are congruent when lines are parallel, so the angle is also 72°.

Question 72: Which sampling method involves randomly selecting participants from a complete list of the entire population?

Cluster sampling
Convenience sampling
Simple random sampling (Correct answer)
Stratified sampling

Correct answer: Simple random sampling

Simple random sampling gives every member of the population an equal chance of being selected from the complete list.

Question 73: An author writing about water conservation uses the phrase 'the root of the problem' when discussing wasteful irrigation practices. This phrase is an example of what literary device?

Alliteration
Metaphor (Correct answer)
Hyperbole
Personification

Correct answer: Metaphor

'The root of the problem' is a metaphor that compares the cause of a problem to the root of a plant.

Question 74: A data set has the values: 4, 7, 7, 9, 13. What is the mean of this data set?

10
9
8 (Correct answer)
7

Correct answer: 8

The mean is found by adding all values (4+7+7+9+13=40) and dividing by the count (40÷5=8).

Question 75: Read the sentence: 'The new CEO's plan to revitalize the company was audacious, involving risks that made the board members nervous but also offered the potential for huge rewards.' What is the best meaning of 'audacious' in this context?

Bold and daring (Correct answer)
Popular with everyone
Extremely detailed
Carefully planned

Correct answer: Bold and daring

The plan involved 'risks that made the board members nervous,' which indicates it was not a safe or conventional plan. This suggests the plan was daring and bold, which is the meaning of 'audacious.' The potential for 'huge rewards' also supports this interpretation.

Question 76: Source A argues that standardized tests are essential for ensuring educational equity and accountability. Source B argues they perpetuate inequality and penalize students from disadvantaged backgrounds. How does Source B relate to Source A?

It expands on the historical context of the argument in Source A.
It offers a counterclaim to the argument made in Source A. (Correct answer)
It provides specific examples to support Source A's claim.
It analyzes the long-term effects of the claim in Source A.

Correct answer: It offers a counterclaim to the argument made in Source A.

A counterclaim is an argument that opposes or refutes another argument. Source B directly challenges the central claim of Source A by arguing the opposite: that standardized tests do not ensure equity but instead worsen inequality. Therefore, it presents a counterclaim.

Question 77: What are the possible performance levels on the NJGPA?

Advanced, Proficient, Basic, and Below Basic (Correct answer)
High, Medium, Low, and Failing
Excellent, Satisfactory, Needs Improvement, and Unacceptable
Pass, Fail, and Incomplete

Correct answer: Advanced, Proficient, Basic, and Below Basic

The NJGPA uses a standardized set of performance levels to categorize student achievement. These levels—Advanced, Proficient, Basic, and Below Basic—provide a clear indication of a student's mastery of the assessed content. A score of "Proficient" or "Advanced" is generally required for graduation.

Question 78: Which of the following best describes the function of textual evidence in a persuasive essay?

To provide credible support for the author's claims. (Correct answer)
To increase the word count of the essay.
To introduce opposing viewpoints and counterarguments.
To demonstrate the author's extensive vocabulary.

Correct answer: To provide credible support for the author's claims.

The primary function of textual evidence is to act as proof for the claims made by the essay's author. By citing specific, relevant evidence from a text, the writer adds credibility and validity to their argument, moving it from mere opinion to a well-supported position.

Question 79: A student is writing an essay analyzing a non-fiction article about the decline of bee populations. The student makes the claim: 'The widespread use of pesticides is a primary factor in the decline of bee populations.' Which of the following pieces of textual evidence would most effectively support this claim?

A statistic from the article mentioning that global honey production has decreased in recent years.
A quote from the article stating, 'Studies from the last decade consistently show a correlation between the application of neonicotinoid pesticides and colony collapse disorder in bees.' (Correct answer)
A description in the article of a beekeeper who lost several hives to a harsh winter.
A sentence from the article that says, 'Bees are essential pollinators for a wide variety of crops.'

Correct answer: A quote from the article stating, 'Studies from the last decade consistently show a correlation between the application of neonicotinoid pesticides and colony collapse disorder in bees.'

This answer choice provides a direct link between a specific type of pesticide ('neonicotinoid') and a specific negative outcome for bees ('colony collapse disorder'). This is the strongest and most direct evidence to support the claim about pesticides being a primary factor.

Question 80: A triangle has angles measuring 45° and 75°. What is the measure of the third angle?

65°
50°
55°
60° (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 60°

The sum of angles in a triangle is 180°, so 180 - 45 - 75 = 60°.

NJGPA Exam

The NJGPA is New Jersey's grade 11 graduation proficiency assessment in English Language Arts and Mathematics, required for high school graduation.

Questions

240 min

Time Limit

50%

To Pass

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Unanswered questions count as wrong — answer everything
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These practice questions were written with AI tools. They are not real exam questions. Exam facts are checked against the official sources listed below. Not reviewed by a subject-matter expert. Editorial policy

Sources & references

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nj.gov — Test delivery, eligibility, exam format, score release, time limit, passing score, retake policy, test dates, exam information · verified Nov 2026