NEX Biology: Cell Structure and Function 3

Question 1

Which process do eukaryotic somatic cells use to divide and produce two genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Mitosis is the process of eukaryotic cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same chromosome number as the parent cell.

Question 2

How many chromosomes are found in a normal human somatic (body) cell?

Accepted Answer

46

Answer

Normal human somatic cells are diploid and contain 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 homologous pairs.

Question 3

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but NOT in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

RNA contains uracil (U) in place of thymine (T), which is exclusively found in DNA, making uracil the base unique to RNA.

Question 4

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Answer

The S (synthesis) phase is when DNA replication takes place, resulting in each chromosome being duplicated into two identical sister chromatids.

Question 5

What is the term for programmed, regulated cell death that removes damaged or unwanted cells without causing inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Apoptosis is a regulated process of programmed cell death essential for normal development, immune function, and elimination of damaged cells.

(NEX) Nursing Entrance Exam Practice Test

(NEX) Nursing Entrance Exam Practice Test

NEX Biology: Cell Structure and Function 3