Neonatal Intensive Care Nurse Exam Neonatal Thermoregulation and Fluid Balance

Question 1

A preterm infant in an open radiant warmer has excessive insensible water losses primarily due to:

Accepted Answer

Thin, immature skin with high transepidermal water loss

Answer

Increased urine output

Answer

High metabolic rate causing sweating

Answer

Excessive respiratory water loss only

Question 2

The thermoneutral zone for a neonate is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The environmental temperature range in which metabolic rate is minimal and body temperature is normal

Answer

The core temperature range considered safe for neonates

Answer

The incubator temperature for all neonates

Answer

The temperature at which neonates begin shivering

Question 3

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) in neonates is used for:

Accepted Answer

Non-shivering thermogenesis to generate heat

Answer

Energy storage only

Answer

Immune function

Answer

Shivering-based heat production

Question 4

Which sign indicates hypothermia in a neonate?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral vasoconstriction, lethargy, poor feeding, and acrocyanosis

Answer

Fever, tachycardia, and diaphoresis

Answer

Hyperthermia with bulging fontanelle

Answer

Bradypnea with flushed appearance

Question 5

The normal urine output for a neonate after the first 24 hours of life is:

Accepted Answer

1–3 mL/kg/hour

Answer

0.1–0.5 mL/kg/hour

Answer

5–8 mL/kg/hour

Answer

0.5 mL/kg/day

Question 6

Which electrolyte imbalance is most common in preterm neonates in the first week of life due to immature renal tubular function?

Accepted Answer

Hyponatremia

Answer

Hypercalcemia

Answer

Hyperphosphatemia

Answer

Hypermagnesemia