Neonatal Intensive Care Nurse Exam Neonatal Respiratory Management

Question 1

A preterm infant at 28 weeks gestation is placed on mechanical ventilation. Which ventilator parameter directly controls oxygenation?

Accepted Answer

FiO2 and PEEP

Answer

Rate and inspiratory time

Answer

Tidal volume only

Answer

Peak inspiratory pressure only

Question 2

Which finding is the earliest sign of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in a newborn?

Accepted Answer

Grunting on expiration

Answer

Central cyanosis

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Decreased tone

Question 3

A nurse is caring for a neonate on CPAP. The target SpO2 range for a 26-week gestation infant is:

Accepted Answer

91–95%

Answer

85–89%

Answer

96–100%

Answer

80–85%

Question 4

Surfactant replacement therapy is MOST indicated for which condition?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory distress syndrome

Answer

Transient tachypnea of the newborn

Answer

Meconium aspiration syndrome

Answer

Persistent pulmonary hypertension

Question 5

During a ventilator assessment, the NICU nurse notes rising PaCO2 on blood gas. Which intervention addresses hypercapnia?

Accepted Answer

Increase ventilator rate or tidal volume

Answer

Increase FiO2

Answer

Increase PEEP

Answer

Decrease inspiratory time

Question 6

A neonate develops a sudden deterioration in oxygen saturation, decreased breath sounds on the left, and shift of heart sounds to the right. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Left-sided pneumothorax

Answer

Right-sided pneumothorax

Answer

Pulmonary hemorrhage

Answer

Pleural effusion