NEET Genetics and Evolution 3

Question 1

Which RNA molecule carries the genetic information encoded in DNA out of the nucleus to the ribosomes for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is transcribed from the DNA template in the nucleus and carries the codon sequence to ribosomes in the cytoplasm where it is translated into a protein.

Question 2

A frameshift mutation is caused by:

Accepted Answer

Insertion or deletion of nucleotides that are not in multiples of three

Answer

Inserting or deleting nucleotides in a number not divisible by three shifts the reading frame of all downstream codons, drastically altering the amino acid sequence of the resulting protein.

Question 3

Allopatric speciation occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A population is physically separated by a geographic barrier and the isolated groups diverge over time

Answer

Allopatric speciation occurs when a geographic barrier (e.g., mountain range, river) isolates a population into separate groups that then diverge genetically until reproductive isolation is complete.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT considered a mechanism of evolution accepted by modern evolutionary theory?

Accepted Answer

Inheritance of acquired characteristics (Lamarckism)

Answer

Lamarckian inheritance — the idea that traits acquired during an organism's lifetime are passed to offspring — has been disproven; modern evolution relies on heritable genetic variation acted upon by selection, drift, and gene flow.

Question 5

Gene flow in evolutionary biology refers to:

Accepted Answer

The transfer of alleles from one population to another through migration of individuals

Answer

Gene flow is the movement of alleles between populations as individuals migrate and reproduce in a new population, which can introduce new genetic variation or homogenize allele frequencies between populations.

NEET - National Eligibility cum Entrance Test Practice Test

NEET - National Eligibility cum Entrance Test Practice Test

NEET Genetics and Evolution 3