NEET Genetics and Evolution 3

Question 1

Which RNA molecule carries the genetic information encoded in DNA out of the nucleus to the ribosomes for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Answer

tRNA (transfer RNA)

Answer

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Answer

snRNA (small nuclear RNA)

Question 2

A frameshift mutation is caused by:

Accepted Answer

Insertion or deletion of nucleotides that are not in multiples of three

Answer

Substitution of one nucleotide base for another

Answer

Inversion of a large DNA segment

Answer

Duplication of an entire chromosome

Question 3

Allopatric speciation occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A population is physically separated by a geographic barrier and the isolated groups diverge over time

Answer

Two populations develop reproductive isolation while sharing the same geographic area

Answer

Two competing species divide a habitat into separate ecological niches

Answer

Polyploidy suddenly produces a reproductively isolated plant population

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT considered a mechanism of evolution accepted by modern evolutionary theory?

Accepted Answer

Inheritance of acquired characteristics (Lamarckism)

Answer

Natural selection

Answer

Genetic drift

Answer

Gene flow

Question 5

Gene flow in evolutionary biology refers to:

Accepted Answer

The transfer of alleles from one population to another through migration of individuals

Answer

The movement of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein within a cell

Answer

Random changes in allele frequencies within a population over generations

Answer

The directional change in allele frequencies caused by natural selection

Question 6

When unrelated species independently evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures, this process is called:

Accepted Answer

Convergent evolution

Answer

Divergent evolution

Answer

Coevolution

Answer

Adaptive radiation

Question 7

In the context of evolutionary biology, an organism's 'fitness' is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

Its reproductive success relative to other individuals in the population

Answer

Its physical strength, speed, and disease resistance

Answer

Its ability to avoid predators in its environment

Answer

Its longevity and ability to survive to old age