NEET Genetics and Evolution 2

Question 1

The chromosomal theory of inheritance, which linked Mendel's factors to physical chromosomes, was proposed by:

Accepted Answer

Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri

Answer

Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri independently proposed the chromosomal theory of inheritance around 1902, connecting Mendel's hereditary factors to the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis.

Question 2

A point mutation that changes a single nucleotide and results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid is called a:

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation

Answer

A missense mutation substitutes one nucleotide, altering a codon so it specifies a different amino acid, potentially disrupting protein structure and function.

Question 3

According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, which individuals are most likely to survive and leave more offspring?

Accepted Answer

Those best adapted to their current environment

Answer

Natural selection favors individuals whose heritable traits make them better adapted to their environment, giving them a reproductive advantage over less adapted individuals.

Question 4

Which of the following provides the strongest molecular evidence for evolution from a common ancestor?

Accepted Answer

Highly conserved DNA sequences (e.g., ribosomal RNA genes) across diverse species

Answer

Highly conserved DNA sequences shared across vastly different species indicate descent from a common ancestor, as random mutation would have altered these sequences if species evolved independently.

Question 5

Genetic drift is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Random changes in allele frequencies in a population due to chance events

Answer

Genetic drift refers to random fluctuations in allele frequencies that arise by chance, particularly pronounced in small populations where chance events have a disproportionate impact.

NEET - National Eligibility cum Entrance Test Practice Test

NEET - National Eligibility cum Entrance Test Practice Test

NEET Genetics and Evolution 2