NEET Genetics and Evolution 2

Question 1

The chromosomal theory of inheritance, which linked Mendel's factors to physical chromosomes, was proposed by:

Accepted Answer

Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri

Answer

Gregor Mendel and Charles Darwin

Answer

Watson and Crick

Answer

Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns

Question 2

A point mutation that changes a single nucleotide and results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid is called a:

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation

Answer

Silent mutation

Answer

Nonsense mutation

Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 3

According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, which individuals are most likely to survive and leave more offspring?

Accepted Answer

Those best adapted to their current environment

Answer

The largest and physically strongest individuals

Answer

Those that produce the most offspring regardless of survival

Answer

The longest-lived individuals in the population

Question 4

Which of the following provides the strongest molecular evidence for evolution from a common ancestor?

Accepted Answer

Highly conserved DNA sequences (e.g., ribosomal RNA genes) across diverse species

Answer

Similar body plans among vertebrates

Answer

Presence of vestigial structures in many species

Answer

Similar ecological niches occupied by unrelated species

Question 5

Genetic drift is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Random changes in allele frequencies in a population due to chance events

Answer

The movement of alleles between different populations via migration

Answer

Directed changes in allele frequencies driven by natural selection

Answer

The tendency for all populations to evolve toward the same genotype

Question 6

Which type of natural selection favors individuals with intermediate phenotypes and acts against both extremes of the population?

Accepted Answer

Stabilizing selection

Answer

Directional selection

Answer

Disruptive selection

Answer

Sexual selection

Question 7

The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant generation after generation if:

Accepted Answer

The population is very large and no evolutionary forces (mutation, selection, drift, gene flow) are acting

Answer

All individuals have equal survival rates regardless of genotype

Answer

Random mating occurs but the population size is small

Answer

No mutation and no migration occur but natural selection is present