Human Physiology Flashcards

What is the normal heart rate (pulse) for a healthy adult at rest?

Answer: 60–100 bpm

A normal resting heart rate for adults ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute (bpm), with trained athletes often having lower rates.

Where does most nutrient absorption occur in the human digestive system?

Answer: Small intestine

The small intestine, with its villi and microvilli increasing surface area, is the primary site of nutrient absorption into the bloodstream.

What is the name of the protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells?

Answer: Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it to tissues.

Which part of the kidney is responsible for initial filtration of blood?

Answer: Bowman's capsule with glomerulus

The glomerulus (a capillary network) and Bowman's capsule together form the renal corpuscle where blood is filtered under pressure.

What triggers the 'fight or flight' response in humans?

Answer: Sympathetic nervous system activation

The sympathetic nervous system triggers the fight-or-flight response, releasing adrenaline to increase heart rate, dilate airways, and redirect blood to muscles.

Which type of receptor detects changes in blood pressure?

Answer: Baroreceptor

Baroreceptors are pressure-sensitive receptors located in blood vessel walls (especially carotid sinus and aortic arch) that detect blood pressure changes.