Mixed Deck — All NEET Topics Flashcards

Which gland is often called the 'master gland' of the endocrine system?

Answer: Pituitary gland

The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it secretes hormones that regulate other endocrine glands throughout the body.

Which type of receptor detects changes in blood pressure?

Answer: Baroreceptor

Baroreceptors are pressure-sensitive receptors located in blood vessel walls (especially carotid sinus and aortic arch) that detect blood pressure changes.

This organ is neuroendocrine.

Answer: hypothalamus

The hypothalamus is a critical neuroendocrine organ because it serves as the primary link between the nervous and endocrine systems. It receives neural signals and, in response, produces and secretes various releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. It also produces ADH and oxytocin, which are stored and released by the posterior pituitary.

The transition metals become increasingly abundant when interstitial compounds form.

Answer: none of the above

Interstitial compounds are formed when small non-metal atoms, such as carbon, nitrogen, or hydrogen, occupy the interstitial voids within the crystal lattice of transition metals. The formation of these compounds typically makes the transition metals significantly harder, more rigid, and increases their melting points. However, they generally become less ductile and less malleable, not more so.

What will the particles' X-coordinates be in a system of bodies where the center of mass is at the origin?

Answer: Positive for some particles and negative for other particles

If the center of mass of a system of bodies is at the origin, it means the weighted average position of all particles is zero. For this to be true, if some particles have positive X-coordinates, there must be other particles with negative X-coordinates to balance them out. It's impossible for all particles to have only positive or only negative X-coordinates, as that would shift the center of mass away from the origin.

______ does not have vessels or tracheids.

Answer: Equisetum

Equisetum, a pteridophyte (horsetail), possesses tracheids as its primary water-conducting elements but lacks true xylem vessels. While the question asks about the absence of 'vessels or tracheids,' Equisetum clearly has tracheids. However, among the given options, it is known for lacking vessels, a characteristic shared with most pteridophytes and gymnosperms (except Gnetum).

Where is the "hormone response element" located on the cell?

Answer: DNA

Hormone response elements (HREs) are specific DNA sequences located in the promoter regions of target genes. Intracellular hormone receptors, typically activated by lipid-soluble hormones like steroids or thyroid hormones, bind to these HREs. This binding then directly regulates the transcription of the associated gene, either activating or repressing its expression.

Which international agreement aimed to reduce substances that deplete the ozone layer?

Answer: Montreal Protocol

The Montreal Protocol (1987) is an international treaty that successfully phased out ozone-depleting substances like CFCs, allowing the ozone layer to recover.

On a lab bench, two tiny lead balls with weights of 5 kg and 10 kg are attached at a distance of 100 cm apart. The distance is now only 20 cm after a pupil transfers the larger mass in the direction of the smaller mass. What influenced the gravitational force between the lead balls when the mass was moved?

Answer: 25

The gravitational force (F) between two masses is inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r) between their centers, as described by Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation (F ∝ 1/r²). The initial distance was 100 cm, and the new distance is 20 cm, which is 1/5th of the original distance. Since force is proportional to 1/r², reducing the distance to 1/5th increases the force by a factor of (1 / (1/5)²) = 1 / (1/25) = 25.

Nylon-6 is produced by the polymerization of:

Answer: Caprolactam

Nylon-6 is produced by the ring-opening polymerization of caprolactam (a cyclic amide with 6 carbon atoms).

An allele that is expressed in the phenotype only when present in homozygous form is called:

Answer: Recessive

A recessive allele is only expressed in the phenotype when an individual carries two copies of it, as the dominant allele masks its expression in heterozygotes.

Cryolite is added to the charge in the electrolytic process of producing aluminium from refined bauxite in order to:

Answer: Dissolve bauxite and render it a conductor of electricity

Cryolite (Na3AlF6) is added to the molten alumina (from bauxite) in the Hall-Héroult electrolytic process for aluminium production. Its primary role is to dissolve the alumina, forming an electrolyte that conducts electricity. While it also lowers the melting point of alumina, its main function is to create an electrically conductive solution, as molten alumina itself is a poor conductor.

In electrolysis of dilute H₂SO₄ solution, what is produced at the anode?

Answer: Oxygen gas

At the anode, water is oxidized (2H₂O → O₂ + 4H⁺ + 4e⁻) in dilute H₂SO₄ because O₂ is discharged in preference to SO₄²⁻.

Rhododendron leaves curling is one instance of?

Answer: Thermotropism

Rhododendron leaves curling is an example of thermotropism, which is a plant's growth or movement response to changes in temperature. In cold temperatures, rhododendron leaves curl inwards and droop to reduce their surface area exposed to the cold, thereby minimizing water loss and protecting their delicate tissues from freezing damage. This is a survival mechanism to conserve water and energy.

Which enzyme in saliva begins the digestion of starch?

Answer: Salivary amylase (Ptyalin)

Salivary amylase (ptyalin) in saliva begins breaking down starch into maltose in the mouth, initiating carbohydrate digestion.

When unrelated species independently evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures, this process is called:

Answer: Convergent evolution

Convergent evolution occurs when distantly related species independently evolve similar adaptations (analogous structures) in response to comparable environmental challenges.

How many chambers does the human heart have?

Answer: 4

The human heart has four chambers: two upper atria (left and right) and two lower ventricles (left and right).

The pH of a neutral solution at 25°C is:

Answer: 7

A neutral solution has equal concentrations of H+ and OH- ions, giving a pH of exactly 7 at 25°C.

A body moves in a circle of radius R with uniform speed v. What is the magnitude of the change in velocity when the body completes a quarter circle?

Answer: v√2

When the body completes a quarter circle, the angle between initial and final velocity vectors is 90°, so |Δv| = √(v²+v²) = v√2.

What is the term for the full range of environmental conditions within which an organism can survive and reproduce?

Answer: Ecological niche

An ecological niche encompasses the functional role of an organism in its ecosystem, including its habitat, diet, behavior, and interactions with other species.