Infection Control and Safety Flashcards

According to the CDC and OSHA, which category of instruments requires sterilization before use on another patient?

Answer: Critical instruments

Critical instruments penetrate soft tissue or bone and must be sterilized (not just disinfected) between patient uses to eliminate all microorganisms including spores.

What is the minimum internal temperature required for a steam autoclave to achieve sterilization at standard pressure?

Answer: 121°C (250°F)

Standard steam autoclaves operate at 121°C (250°F) at 15 psi for a minimum of 15–30 minutes to achieve sterilization.

Which bloodborne pathogen poses the highest risk of transmission following a needlestick injury in a dental setting?

Answer: Hepatitis B (HBV)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a transmission rate of 6–30% after a needlestick injury compared to approximately 1.8% for HCV and 0.3% for HIV.

Which of the following personal protective equipment (PPE) is required during aerosol-generating dental procedures?

Answer: Gloves, mask, eye protection, and gown

Aerosol-generating procedures require full PPE including gloves, mask, eye protection (goggles/face shield), and a protective gown to prevent exposure to splatter and aerosols.

What does the term 'biological indicator' refer to in sterilization monitoring?

Answer: A spore test that confirms sterilization has been achieved

A biological indicator contains bacterial spores (typically Geobacillus stearothermophilus) and is the most reliable method to confirm that sterilization conditions have been met.

How should a contaminated dental bur be disposed of after use on a patient?

Answer: Placed in a sharps container (puncture-resistant)

Contaminated sharps, including burs, must be disposed of in a puncture-resistant sharps container to prevent needlestick injuries and comply with OSHA regulations.