NCMHCE Lifespan Development in Counseling 4

Question 1

A client in their late 20s describes feeling 'in between'—not fully adult, not adolescent—and continues to explore identity, career, and relationships. This BEST aligns with which developmental concept?

Accepted Answer

Emerging adulthood

Answer

Emerging adulthood, coined by Jeffrey Arnett, describes ages 18–29 as a distinct period of identity exploration, instability, and possibility.

Question 2

Carol Gilligan critiqued Kohlberg's moral development theory primarily because:

Accepted Answer

It neglected the ethics of care and relationships in female moral development

Answer

Gilligan argued Kohlberg's model, based on male subjects, prioritized justice over care and thus failed to capture female moral development adequately.

Question 3

A child who witnessed parental violence shows contradictory behavior in the Strange Situation—approaching and then suddenly freezing or falling. This MOST likely indicates which attachment pattern?

Accepted Answer

Disorganized-disoriented

Answer

Disorganized-disoriented attachment, associated with frightening or frightened caregiving, is marked by contradictory and chaotic behaviors toward the caregiver.

Question 4

A counselor explains to a supervisee that temperament is largely biologically based and relatively stable. This understanding aligns with research by:

Accepted Answer

Thomas and Chess

Answer

Thomas and Chess identified nine dimensions of temperament (easy, difficult, slow-to-warm-up) and established that temperament is innate and relatively stable.

Question 5

A 17-year-old is committed to a religious identity chosen by their parents without personally exploring alternatives. According to Marcia, this represents:

Accepted Answer

Identity foreclosure

Answer

Identity foreclosure involves commitment to an identity without exploration, typically by adopting parents' or authority figures' values without questioning.

NCMHCE - National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination Practice Test

NCMHCE - National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination Practice Test

NCMHCE Lifespan Development in Counseling 4