NCLEX-PN Test #18 1

Question 1

A competent adult patient refuses a blood transfusion based on religious beliefs, despite knowing it may result in death. What is the nurse's most appropriate action?

Accepted Answer

Respect the patient's decision, document it, and notify the physician

Answer

Proceed with the transfusion to save the patient's life

Answer

Contact the hospital ethics committee to override the decision

Answer

Ask the family to convince the patient to accept treatment

Question 2

A nurse overhears a colleague discussing a patient's HIV status in the hospital elevator with non-care team members. The nurse should take which action first?

Accepted Answer

Speak to the colleague privately about the confidentiality violation

Answer

Ignore it — the colleague may have had a valid reason

Answer

Report the conversation directly to hospital administration

Answer

Ask the patient for permission to discuss the breach

Question 3

A nurse discovers a medication error made by another nurse earlier in the shift. The medication did not cause patient harm. What is the nurse's ethical and professional obligation?

Accepted Answer

Complete an incident report, notify the charge nurse and physician, and document in the patient record

Answer

Say nothing — the patient was not harmed

Answer

Tell the patient what happened without documenting

Answer

Correct the medication administration record only

Question 4

A patient is scheduled for surgery and the nurse learns the patient does not understand the risks explained by the surgeon. The nurse should take which action?

Accepted Answer

Refuse to witness the consent and notify the surgeon that the patient needs further explanation

Answer

Witness the consent form signature as long as the patient is willing to sign

Answer

Explain the surgical procedure in detail to satisfy the consent requirement

Answer

Postpone the surgery indefinitely until the patient fully understands

Question 5

A patient is admitted to the emergency department unconscious with no identification. Emergency surgery is needed to save the patient's life. Which type of consent applies?

Accepted Answer

Implied consent

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Substituted consent

Answer

No consent is required in a hospital setting

Question 6

A nurse is caring for a patient who is being discharged against medical advice (AMA). What is the nurse's primary responsibility?

Accepted Answer

Ensure the patient signs the AMA form and provide discharge instructions and medications

Answer

Physically prevent the patient from leaving to protect them from harm

Answer

Withhold the patient's belongings until they agree to stay

Answer

Call law enforcement to detain the patient