NCE Research and Evaluation 2

Question 1

A researcher finds a correlation of r = -0.75 between hours of sleep and self-reported anxiety scores. This finding means:

Accepted Answer

There is a strong negative relationship between sleep and anxiety

Answer

More sleep causes less anxiety

Answer

Sleep and anxiety are unrelated

Answer

The relationship is moderate and positive

Question 2

Which type of research design is BEST suited to establishing cause-and-effect relationships?

Accepted Answer

True experimental design with random assignment

Answer

Correlational survey research

Answer

Case study methodology

Answer

Cross-sectional observational design

Question 3

In counseling outcome research, a 'control group' serves which primary purpose?

Accepted Answer

To serve as a comparison point against which treatment effects can be evaluated

Answer

To provide data that can be generalized to the population

Answer

To receive the most intensive form of the treatment being studied

Answer

To provide demographic data about the research sample

Question 4

Which measure of central tendency is MOST resistant to the influence of extreme outlier scores?

Accepted Answer

Median

Answer

Mean

Answer

Mode

Answer

Standard deviation

Question 5

A researcher uses a p-value threshold of 0.05 to determine statistical significance. This means:

Accepted Answer

There is a 5% probability of obtaining results this extreme if the null hypothesis is true

Answer

There is a 5% chance the hypothesis is correct

Answer

The effect size is at least 5% larger than chance

Answer

The research findings apply to 95% of the population

Question 6

A counselor educator conducts a study where participants complete questionnaires before and after a 10-week stress management program. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A pre-test/post-test design

Answer

A cross-sectional design

Answer

A randomized controlled trial

Answer

A retrospective case study