Infection Control and Prevention Flashcards

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is the most commonly reported infectious disease in the United States?

Answer: Chlamydia

Chlamydia trachomatis infection is consistently the most reported STI in the US, with over 1.5 million cases annually, disproportionately affecting young women.

A community nurse is educating a patient about hepatitis C transmission. Which route accounts for the MAJORITY of new hepatitis C infections in the US?

Answer: Injection drug use with shared needles

Injection drug use with shared equipment accounts for over 60% of new hepatitis C virus infections in the United States.

Which community health action is MOST important after identifying a case of active meningococcal disease?

Answer: Identify and provide prophylactic antibiotics to close contacts within 24 hours

Close contacts of meningococcal disease cases should receive antibiotic chemoprophylaxis (rifampin, ciprofloxacin, or ceftriaxone) within 24 hours to prevent secondary cases.

What is the primary goal of contact tracing in infectious disease control?

Answer: To identify and notify individuals exposed to an infectious disease so they can be tested and isolated if necessary

Contact tracing identifies people who may have been exposed to an infectious disease so they can receive testing, treatment, and isolation instructions to interrupt further transmission.

The community nurse is assessing the effectiveness of a vaccination campaign against influenza. Which metric BEST evaluates campaign effectiveness?

Answer: Influenza vaccination coverage rate in the target population

Vaccination coverage rate — the percentage of the target population that received the vaccine — directly measures the immunization campaign's reach and effectiveness.

Which respiratory infection control measure is recommended for all health care workers in community settings during influenza season?

Answer: Annual influenza vaccination

Annual influenza vaccination is the primary recommended infection control measure for all health care workers to protect themselves and their patients during influenza season.