Chronic Disease Management Flashcards

What HbA1c level indicates diabetes diagnosis in the US according to the American Diabetes Association?

Answer: 6.5% or higher on two separate tests

An HbA1c of 6.5% or higher on two separate occasions (or combined with other confirmatory tests) meets the ADA diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus.

In community chronic disease management, which of the following is an example of SECONDARY prevention?

Answer: Colorectal cancer screening with colonoscopy in asymptomatic adults over 45

Secondary prevention detects disease early in asymptomatic individuals; colonoscopy screening identifies colorectal cancer before symptoms appear.

A community nurse is educating a patient with heart failure on the 'Rule of 2 Pounds.' This rule advises patients to:

Answer: Contact their provider if they gain more than 2 pounds overnight or 5 pounds in a week

The Rule of 2 Pounds teaches heart failure patients to monitor daily weight and report a gain of more than 2 lbs overnight or 5 lbs in a week, indicating fluid retention.

Which community intervention has the strongest evidence for reducing cardiovascular disease mortality at the population level?

Answer: Sodium reduction policies and tobacco control legislation

Population-level policies such as sodium reduction in food processing and tobacco control laws have the largest impact on cardiovascular mortality across the entire population.

A community nurse teaches a patient with asthma to use a peak flow meter. The 'yellow zone' (50–79% of personal best) indicates:

Answer: Caution: worsening asthma requiring use of rescue inhaler and possible medical contact

The yellow zone in peak flow monitoring signals caution and worsening asthma control, requiring rescue bronchodilator use and evaluation of whether further care is needed.

Which of the following best describes a community health nurse's role in tertiary prevention for a patient with Type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Preventing complications such as nephropathy through medication adherence and annual foot and eye exams

Tertiary prevention in established disease focuses on preventing complications and disability; in diabetes, this includes regular foot/eye exams and medication adherence.