NBSTSA Anatomy & Physiology for Surgical Technology 4

Question 1

Which layer of the adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Zona glomerulosa

Answer

The zona glomerulosa is the outermost layer of the adrenal cortex and is the primary site of aldosterone synthesis.

Question 2

During surgery on the right colon, the surgical technologist must be aware that the right ureter crosses anterior to which vessel?

Accepted Answer

Right common iliac artery

Answer

The right ureter crosses anterior to the right common iliac artery at the pelvic brim, making it vulnerable during right colon and pelvic surgeries.

Question 3

Which type of epithelium lines the urinary bladder and allows for stretching as the bladder fills?

Accepted Answer

Transitional epithelium (urothelium)

Answer

Transitional epithelium (urothelium) is unique to the urinary tract and can change shape, allowing the bladder to expand as it fills with urine.

Question 4

The phrenic nerve, which innervates the diaphragm, originates from which cervical spinal levels?

Accepted Answer

C3, C4, C5

Answer

The phrenic nerve arises from cervical roots C3, C4, and C5, remembered by the mnemonic 'C3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm alive.'

Question 5

Which structure in the knee joint prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur?

Accepted Answer

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Answer

The ACL runs from the anterior tibial plateau to the posterior femoral condyle, resisting anterior tibial translation relative to the femur.

NBSTSA - National Board of Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting Practice Test