MCQ Flashcards

If an ovarian tumor is cancerous, what organs need to be removed?

Answer: bilateral fallopian tubes and ovaries, uterus

If an ovarian tumor is cancerous, a comprehensive surgical approach is often required to ensure complete removal of the malignancy and prevent its spread. This typically involves a total hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) along with a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of both fallopian tubes and ovaries). These organs are anatomically linked and potential sites for metastasis.

What is the inner ear's spiral-conical structure called?

Answer: cochlea

The cochlea is the spiral-shaped, fluid-filled cavity in the inner ear that plays a crucial role in hearing. It contains the organ of Corti, which converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses. These impulses are then sent to the brain for interpretation, allowing us to perceive sound.

What is the name of the interaction between two organisms that coexist in the same space but where one benefits while the other is unaffected?

Answer: commensalism

Commensalism is a type of symbiotic relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits, and the other organism is neither helped nor harmed. This interaction is distinct from mutualism, where both benefit, or parasitism, where one benefits at the expense of the other. An example is barnacles on whales.

It is a/an to grant consent for treatment when fully aware of the risks?

Answer: informed consent

Informed consent is a fundamental ethical and legal principle in healthcare. It requires that a patient fully understands the nature of a proposed treatment, its potential risks, benefits, and alternatives before agreeing to it. This process ensures autonomous decision-making and protects patient rights.

Which one of the following constitutes a high-level disinfection technique?

Answer: 2% glutaraldehyde for 20 minutes

High-level disinfection is a process that kills all microorganisms except for a high number of bacterial spores. Soaking instruments in a 2% glutaraldehyde solution for a specified duration, such as 20 minutes, is a recognized method for achieving high-level disinfection in healthcare settings. This is crucial for reprocessing heat-sensitive medical devices.

Which of the following glands may have inflammation if the mumps is present?

Answer: parotid

Mumps is a viral infection primarily known for causing swelling and inflammation of the parotid glands. These are the largest salivary glands, located just in front of and below the ears. Their characteristic swelling is a hallmark symptom of the disease.

When using an elevator to move a patient to the or, how should the stretcher be positioned?

Answer: enter head first, exit feet first

When transporting a patient on a stretcher in an elevator, the safest practice is to enter the elevator head first and exit feet first. This allows the person pushing the stretcher to maintain control and observe the patient's condition throughout the transfer. It also prevents the patient's head from being bumped if the stretcher is pulled out backward.

Which of the following preparation methods is best for a split-thickness skin graft?

Answer: chlorhexidine

Chlorhexidine is a commonly used antiseptic solution for skin preparation before surgical procedures, including split-thickness skin grafts. It provides broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and has a persistent effect, making it effective in reducing the risk of surgical site infections. Its efficacy helps ensure a sterile field for the graft.

What kind of operation would require tooth removal?

Answer: extractions

Tooth removal is medically referred to as an extraction. This surgical procedure is performed by dentists or oral surgeons to remove a tooth from its socket in the bone. Extractions are often necessary due to severe decay, damage, impaction, or for orthodontic reasons.

Which of the following is an example of a fenestrated drape?

Answer: aperture

A fenestrated drape is a surgical drape designed with a specific opening or 'aperture' to expose the surgical site. This allows the surgical team to isolate the operative field while maintaining sterility of the surrounding areas. The term 'aperture' directly refers to this pre-cut opening in the drape.

What is the term for cardiac compression brought on by an excess of fluid or blood?

Answer: tamponade

Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition where an excessive accumulation of fluid or blood in the pericardial sac (the sac surrounding the heart) compresses the heart. This compression prevents the heart's chambers from filling properly, severely impairing its ability to pump blood. It leads to a rapid and dangerous drop in cardiac output.