Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care Flashcards

Apnea of prematurity is defined as cessation of breathing for more than:

Answer: 10 seconds or 20 seconds with associated bradycardia or desaturation

Apnea of prematurity is defined as breathing cessation ≥20 seconds, or a shorter pause accompanied by bradycardia (<100 bpm) or oxygen desaturation.

Which congenital lung malformation involves sequestration of nonfunctional lung tissue with its own systemic arterial supply?

Answer: Pulmonary sequestration

Pulmonary sequestration is nonfunctional lung tissue supplied by an anomalous systemic artery with no communication to the tracheobronchial tree.

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in neonates is used to treat:

Answer: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN)

iNO selectively dilates pulmonary vasculature, reducing pulmonary vascular resistance and right-to-left shunting in PPHN.

Pediatric tidal volumes for mechanical ventilation are typically set at:

Answer: 5–7 mL/kg IBW

Lung-protective pediatric ventilation targets tidal volumes of 5–7 mL/kg IBW, similar to adult ARDSNet principles but accounting for smaller lung units.

The Silverman-Andersen scoring system in neonates evaluates:

Answer: Degree of respiratory distress based on clinical signs (retractions, grunting, etc.)

The Silverman-Andersen score assesses five clinical signs of respiratory distress (upper chest lag, lower chest retraction, xiphoid retractions, nasal flaring, expiratory grunt) to grade severity.

Which surfactant product is a natural animal-derived surfactant extract used in neonatal RDS treatment in the US?

Answer: All of the above

Multiple natural animal-derived surfactant preparations including calfactant and poractant alfa are approved and used in the US for neonatal RDS, along with synthetic options like lucinactant.