NBDHE Management of Special Needs Patients Flashcards

A patient with epilepsy is taking phenytoin (Dilantin). Which oral manifestation is most commonly associated with long-term use of this medication?

Answer: Gingival hyperplasia

Phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia is a well-documented side effect, occurring in up to 50% of patients, especially with poor plaque control.

During treatment, a patient with a known seizure disorder has a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. What is the dental hygienist's FIRST action?

Answer: Clear the area, protect the patient from injury, and note the time

The immediate priority is patient safety: clear the area, cushion the head, never restrain the patient, and time the seizure.

Which of the following is the most appropriate oral hygiene aid recommendation for a patient with severe rheumatoid arthritis affecting hand dexterity?

Answer: Electric toothbrush with a wide-grip handle

An electric toothbrush with a wide-grip handle compensates for reduced manual dexterity and requires less fine motor control.

A patient with HIV/AIDS presents with a white, removable lesion on the lateral border of the tongue that wipes off easily. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer: Pseudomembranous candidiasis

Pseudomembranous candidiasis (thrush) presents as a white, cottage cheese-like coating that wipes off easily, revealing an erythematous base.

A 70-year-old patient on bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis requires a tooth extraction. What is the primary concern?

Answer: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ)

Bisphosphonate therapy suppresses osteoclast activity, impairing bone healing and creating risk for MRONJ following invasive oral procedures.

Which communication strategy is most effective when treating a patient with moderate hearing loss who does not use hearing aids?

Answer: Facing the patient directly, speaking clearly at a moderate pace, and using visual aids

Direct face-to-face communication with clear speech and supplemental visual aids maximizes comprehension for patients with hearing loss.

A patient with Parkinson's disease presents with hyposalivation and difficulty swallowing. Which preventive measure is MOST critical?

Answer: Prescribing high-concentration fluoride and implementing a caries prevention protocol

Hyposalivation significantly increases caries risk, making prescription-strength fluoride and frequent recall appointments essential for this population.