NBDHE Infection Control and Sterilization Flashcards

Which type of instrument requires sterilization according to the Spaulding classification for 'critical' items?

Answer: Instruments that penetrate soft tissue or bone

Critical items penetrate soft tissue or bone and must be sterile to prevent transmission of any microorganism.

The standard gravity displacement autoclave operates at which temperature and duration for wrapped instruments?

Answer: 250°F (121°C) for 15-30 minutes

Gravity displacement autoclaves operate at 121°C (250°F) at 15 psi for 15-30 minutes to achieve sterilization of wrapped instruments.

Which bloodborne pathogen poses the GREATEST transmission risk per needlestick exposure in the dental setting?

Answer: Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

HBV has a needlestick transmission rate of 6-30%, far exceeding HCV at 1.8% and HIV at 0.3%.

According to standard precautions, gloves must be changed:

Answer: Between patients and when torn or punctured

Standard precautions require glove changes between each patient and immediately if gloves are torn or punctured during care.

Which item is classified as 'semicritical' in the Spaulding classification system?

Answer: Reusable impression tray

Reusable impression trays contact mucous membranes without penetrating tissue, classifying them as semicritical items requiring sterilization or high-level disinfection.

What level of disinfection is required for clinical contact surfaces in the dental operatory?

Answer: Intermediate-level disinfection

Clinical contact surfaces require intermediate-level disinfection using an EPA-registered hospital disinfectant with a tuberculocidal claim.

OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens Standard requires employers to offer hepatitis B vaccination to:

Answer: Employees with potential occupational exposure to blood or OPIM

OSHA requires hepatitis B vaccination be offered at no cost to all employees with potential occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM).