NBCMI Medical Terminology: Procedures 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is an 'endoscopy' and its primary purpose?
- Surgery to remove an organ
- Using a flexible camera to visualize body cavity interiors for diagnosis or treatment (Correct answer)
- A blood test
- An imaging scan using magnets
Correct answer: Using a flexible camera to visualize body cavity interiors for diagnosis or treatment
Endoscopy uses a flexible tube with camera to examine internal organs, enabling diagnosis and sometimes treatment.
Types include EGD (upper GI), colonoscopy, bronchoscopy, cystoscopy, arthroscopy, and laparoscopy. Can be diagnostic (biopsying) and therapeutic (removing polyps, cauterizing).
Question 2: What does 'MRI' stand for and what imaging does it use?
- Medical Radiation Imaging; X-rays
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging; magnetic fields and radio waves (Correct answer)
- Microscopic Retinal Inspection; lasers
- Manual Radiology Investigation; ultrasound
Correct answer: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; magnetic fields and radio waves
MRI uses powerful magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images, especially of soft tissues.
MRI is contraindicated for some metallic implants, the machine is very loud, claustrophobia is common, and contrast agents (gadolinium) may be used. Open MRI available for claustrophobic patients.
Question 3: What is a 'biopsy' and why is it performed?
- Complete tumor removal
- Removing a small tissue sample for laboratory examination to determine disease nature (Correct answer)
- A blood transfusion
- A joint injection
Correct answer: Removing a small tissue sample for laboratory examination to determine disease nature
A biopsy removes tissue for microscopic examination to diagnose conditions like cancer, infections, or inflammatory diseases.
Types: excisional, incisional, needle (FNA or core), punch, and endoscopic. Used for cancer, infections, autoimmune conditions, and transplant rejection monitoring.
Question 4: What is the difference between a CT scan and an X-ray?
- Same procedure, different names
- Both use X-rays, but CT creates detailed cross-sectional images from multiple angles while X-rays produce flat images (Correct answer)
- CT uses sound, X-rays use radiation
- X-rays are more detailed
Correct answer: Both use X-rays, but CT creates detailed cross-sectional images from multiple angles while X-rays produce flat images
CT takes multiple images from various angles using computer processing to create detailed cross-sections, far exceeding standard flat X-rays.
CT delivers more radiation, takes longer, costs more, and often requires contrast dye. It provides much greater detail for soft tissues, complex fractures, and internal bleeding.
Question 5: What is 'dialysis' and when is it required?
- Surgery to repair blood vessels
- Artificially filtering waste and fluid from blood when kidneys can no longer function adequately (Correct answer)
- Physical therapy for joints
- IV medication delivery
Correct answer: Artificially filtering waste and fluid from blood when kidneys can no longer function adequately
Dialysis artificially performs kidney filtering when kidneys have failed or are severely impaired.
Two types: hemodialysis (external machine, 3x/week) and peritoneal dialysis (using peritoneum as filter, often daily at home). Key terms: AV fistula, peritoneal catheter, dialysate.
Question 6: What does 'laparoscopic surgery' involve?
- Surgery with lasers through the mouth
- Minimally invasive surgery through small incisions using camera and instruments, with less pain and faster recovery (Correct answer)
- Large abdominal incisions only
- Non-surgical external massage
Correct answer: Minimally invasive surgery through small incisions using camera and instruments, with less pain and faster recovery
Laparoscopic surgery uses small incisions, a camera, and specialized instruments, resulting in less trauma and faster recovery.
Several small incisions (0.5-1.5 cm) with CO2 inflation. Benefits: smaller incisions, less pain, shorter stays, faster recovery, reduced infection. Robotic surgery is a computer-assisted form.
NBCMI Medical Terminology: Procedures 2
What is an 'endoscopy' and its primary purpose?