NBCC Human Growth & Development 3

Question 1

Which of the following best describes 'scaffolding' in educational contexts?

Accepted Answer

Providing temporary support that is gradually withdrawn as competence increases

Answer

Scaffolding, derived from Vygotsky's work, involves adjustable support that fades as the learner gains independence.

Question 2

Gilligan's critique of Kohlberg centered on the idea that his theory:

Accepted Answer

Was biased toward male perspectives emphasizing justice over care

Answer

Gilligan argued that Kohlberg's justice-oriented framework undervalued a care-based ethic more common in women's moral reasoning.

Question 3

Selective optimization with compensation (SOC) is a model associated with successful aging proposed by:

Accepted Answer

Paul Baltes

Answer

Baltes's SOC model describes how older adults manage losses by selecting priority goals, optimizing resources, and compensating for declining capacities.

Question 4

The term 'emerging adulthood' coined by Jeffrey Arnett refers to the period from approximately:

Accepted Answer

18 to 25 years

Answer

Arnett identified ages 18–25 as a distinct developmental phase marked by identity exploration, instability, and self-focus.

Question 5

According to Havighurst's developmental tasks framework, which task is associated with middle adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Achieving civic and social responsibility

Answer

Havighurst listed achieving civic and social responsibility among the developmental tasks of middle adulthood (ages 30–60).

(NBCC) National Board for Certified Counselors Practice Test

(NBCC) National Board for Certified Counselors Practice Test

NBCC Human Growth & Development 3