Special Populations and Health Conditions Flashcards

Which type of exercise is most beneficial for improving bone density in older adults?

Answer: Weight-bearing and resistance training

Weight-bearing and resistance training apply mechanical stress to bones, stimulating osteoblast activity and increasing bone mineral density, which helps prevent osteoporosis.

What is the primary exercise consideration for clients with Type 2 diabetes?

Answer: Monitor blood glucose before, during, and after exercise to prevent hypoglycemia

Clients with Type 2 diabetes should monitor blood glucose around exercise because physical activity lowers blood sugar and can cause hypoglycemia, especially when taking insulin or secretagogues.

During pregnancy, which exercise position should generally be avoided after the first trimester?

Answer: Supine (lying on back) exercises

After the first trimester, supine exercises should be avoided because the growing uterus can compress the inferior vena cava, reducing venous return and potentially causing dizziness or hypotension.

What does 'sarcopenia' refer to?

Answer: Age-related loss of muscle mass and strength

Sarcopenia is the progressive, age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, which increases fall risk and reduces functional independence in older adults.

Which exercise recommendation is appropriate for clients with controlled hypertension?

Answer: Emphasize moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and avoid heavy Valsalva maneuver

Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is beneficial for hypertensive clients and can lower blood pressure; the Valsalva maneuver should be avoided as it sharply spikes blood pressure.

What is the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale range?

Answer: 6–20

The original Borg RPE scale ranges from 6 to 20, designed so that multiplying the number by 10 approximates heart rate; a modified 0–10 scale also exists.