Reading and Literacy Instruction Flashcards

Which of the following best describes phonemic awareness?

Answer: The ability to recognize and manipulate individual sounds in spoken words

Phonemic awareness is the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words, independent of print.

A teacher notices a student substitutes 'house' for 'home' while reading aloud. This type of miscue most likely indicates the student is using which cueing system?

Answer: Semantic

Substituting 'house' for 'home' preserves meaning, indicating the student is relying on the semantic (meaning) cueing system.

According to the National Reading Panel, which of the following is NOT one of the five essential components of reading instruction?

Answer: Grammar and mechanics

The five components identified by the National Reading Panel are phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension — grammar and mechanics is not one of them.

A teacher uses repeated readings, reader's theater, and timed oral reading passages with second graders. The primary goal of these activities is to develop which reading component?

Answer: Reading fluency

Repeated readings, reader's theater, and timed oral reading are evidence-based practices specifically designed to build reading fluency (accuracy, rate, and prosody).

Which instructional approach is most consistent with a structured literacy framework for teaching reading?

Answer: Systematic and explicit phonics instruction based on the science of reading

Structured literacy, aligned with the science of reading, relies on systematic and explicit phonics instruction along with other evidence-based components.

A student reads at grade level but struggles to summarize or make inferences from text. This student most likely has difficulty with:

Answer: Reading comprehension

Difficulty summarizing and making inferences despite accurate word reading indicates a reading comprehension deficit rather than a decoding or fluency issue.

Which strategy best supports English Language Learners developing academic reading vocabulary?

Answer: Explicit instruction of Tier 2 academic vocabulary words with multiple exposures

Explicit instruction of Tier 2 academic vocabulary with multiple exposures across contexts is most effective for developing reading vocabulary in English Language Learners.