Educational Psychology Flashcards

Process whereby an organism is made more responsive to certain aspects of its environment

Answer: Sensitization

Sensitization is a non-associative learning process where an organism becomes more responsive or reactive to a particular stimulus after repeated or intense exposure to it, especially if the stimulus is noxious or threatening. This increased responsiveness can be observed in heightened physiological or behavioral reactions, making the organism more alert to its environment.

This states that a learned response is most easily given in the direction in which it was formed.

Answer: Principle of polarity

The Principle of Polarity, in the context of learning, suggests that a learned response is most readily and strongly exhibited in the same direction or manner in which it was originally established. This implies that the specific conditions and orientation during initial learning significantly influence the ease and accuracy of subsequent recall or performance. It highlights the importance of consistent practice.

Skinner distinguished two kinds of behavior, the _____________ which is elicited by a known stimulus and the ___________ which is not elicited by a known stimulus but simply emitted by the organism.

Answer: Respondent behavior;operant behavior

B.F. Skinner distinguished between two types of behavior: respondent and operant. Respondent behavior is an involuntary, reflexive action elicited by a specific, known stimulus, like salivating at the sight of food. Operant behavior, conversely, is voluntarily emitted by the organism and is controlled by its consequences, not a preceding stimulus, such as pressing a lever for food.

This is an unlearned or innate response in reaction to a specific class of stimuli

Answer: Reflex

A reflex is an involuntary, unlearned, and automatic response to a specific stimulus, mediated by the nervous system. It is an innate biological reaction that occurs without conscious thought or prior experience. Examples include blinking in response to a sudden bright light or the knee-jerk reaction.

According to Plato, all knowledge is reminiscence or recollection of the experience our soul had in the

Answer: “heaven which is beyond the heavens”

Plato's theory of recollection (anamnesis) posits that learning is not acquiring new knowledge but rather remembering what the soul already knew from a prior existence. He believed the soul resided in a realm of perfect Forms, which he described as 'the heaven which is beyond the heavens,' before birth. True knowledge, therefore, is the recollection of these eternal Forms.