Medical Terminology & Anatomy Flashcards

What does the prefix 'brady-' mean in medical terminology?

Answer: Slow

In medical terminology, the prefix 'brady-' consistently indicates slowness or a slow rate. For example, 'bradycardia' refers to a slow heart rate, and 'bradypnea' means slow breathing. Understanding this prefix is crucial for interpreting many medical terms.

What is the term for inflammation of the liver?

Answer: Hepatitis

The term 'hepatitis' is derived from the Greek word 'hepar' meaning liver, and the suffix '-itis' which denotes inflammation. Therefore, 'hepatitis' specifically refers to the inflammation of the liver. This condition can be caused by various factors, including viral infections, alcohol, and certain medications.

Which body system includes the heart and blood vessels?

Answer: Cardiovascular system

The cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, is responsible for circulating blood throughout the body. It consists of the heart, which pumps blood, and a network of blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries) that transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. This system is vital for maintaining overall bodily functions.

What does 'osteoporosis' refer to?

Answer: Bone weakening

Osteoporosis is a medical condition characterized by the weakening and thinning of bones, making them fragile and more susceptible to fractures. The term literally means "porous bone," reflecting the loss of bone density. This condition often develops silently over many years and is common in older adults, particularly postmenopausal women.

Which of the following terms means 'surgical removal of the stomach'?

Answer: Gastrectomy

In medical terminology, the suffix '-ectomy' means surgical removal. The prefix 'gastr-' refers to the stomach. Therefore, 'gastrectomy' precisely means the surgical removal of all or part of the stomach.

What is the meaning of the term 'cyanosis'?

Answer: Bluish skin

Cyanosis is a medical sign characterized by a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. This occurs due to a lack of oxygen in the blood, specifically an increased concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin. It often indicates an underlying issue with the circulatory or respiratory system.

Which anatomical term refers to the back side of the body?

Answer: Dorsal

In anatomical terms, 'dorsal' refers to the back or posterior side of the body or a body part. For instance, the dorsal fin of a fish is on its back, and the dorsal surface of the hand is the back of the hand. Conversely, 'ventral' refers to the front or anterior side.

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

Answer: Carry oxygen

The primary function of red blood cells (erythrocytes) is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and to carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be exhaled. They contain a protein called hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen, enabling this vital gas exchange. This process is essential for cellular respiration and overall bodily function.

Which term refers to the windpipe?

Answer: Trachea

The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi of the lungs. Its main function is to provide a clear airway for air to enter and exit the lungs. It is a crucial component of the respiratory system.